Department of Psychology, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2024 Sep 18;19(9):e0310638. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310638. eCollection 2024.
The own-race bias (ORB) is an effect in which humans remember faces from their own race better than faces from another race. Where people look when processing faces of different races plays a role in this effect, but the exact relationship between looking and the ORB is debated. One perspective is that the same facial features are important for memory for faces of all races and the ORB emerges when people look longer at the useful features for own- than other-race faces. Another perspective is that different facial features are useful for faces of different races and the ORB emerges when people look longer at features that are useful for their own race than at features that are useful for other-race faces. The present study aimed to discriminate these perspectives by examining looking patterns in Asian, Black, and White participants while they learned and later recognized Asian, Black, and White faces. Regardless of their race, participants looked at different facial features depending on the race of the face. In addition, different features were useful for memory depending on the race of the face. As such, results are in line with the perspective that different facial features are useful for different race faces.
种族内偏见(ORB)是指人类对自己种族的面孔的记忆优于对其他种族面孔的记忆的一种效应。在处理不同种族的面孔时,人们的注视方向在这种效应中起着作用,但注视和 ORB 之间的确切关系存在争议。一种观点认为,对于所有种族的面孔的记忆,相同的面部特征都很重要,而当人们对自己种族的有用特征注视时间长于对其他种族面孔的有用特征时,就会出现 ORB。另一种观点则认为,对于不同种族的面孔,不同的面部特征是有用的,而当人们对自己种族的有用特征注视时间长于对其他种族面孔的有用特征时,就会出现 ORB。本研究旨在通过观察亚洲人、黑人和白人参与者在学习和后来识别亚洲人、黑人和白人面孔时的注视模式来区分这两种观点。无论参与者的种族如何,他们都会根据面孔的种族来注视不同的面部特征。此外,不同的特征对于记忆的作用取决于面孔的种族。因此,研究结果与这样一种观点一致,即不同的面部特征对于不同种族的面孔是有用的。