Division of Science, Department of Psychology, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2021 Oct 30;6(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s41235-021-00337-7.
Previous research has established a possible link between recognition performance, individuation experience, and implicit racial bias of other-race faces. However, it remains unclear how implicit racial bias might influence other-race face processing in observers with relatively extensive experience with the other race. Here we examined how recognition of other-race faces might be modulated by observers' implicit racial bias, in addition to the effects of experience and face recognition ability. Caucasian participants in a culturally diverse city completed a memory task for Asian and Caucasian faces, an implicit association test, a questionnaire assessing experience with Asians and Caucasians, and a face recognition ability test. As expected, recognition performance for Asian faces was positively predicted by increased face recognition ability, and experience with Asians. More importantly, it was also negatively predicted by increased positive bias towards Asians, which was modulated by an interaction between face recognition ability and implicit bias, with the effect of implicit bias observed predominantly in observers with high face recognition ability. Moreover, the positions of the first two fixations when participants learned the other-race faces were affected by different factors, with the first fixation modulated by the effect of experience and the second fixation modulated by the interaction between implicit bias and face recognition ability. Taken together, these findings suggest the complexity in understanding the perceptual and socio-cognitive influences on the other-race effect, and that observers with high face recognition ability may more likely evaluate racial features involuntarily when recognizing other-race faces.
先前的研究已经确立了识别表现、个体化经验以及对其他种族面孔的内隐种族偏见之间的可能联系。然而，对于那些具有相对广泛的其他种族经验的观察者来说，内隐种族偏见如何影响对其他种族面孔的处理，这一点仍不清楚。在这里，我们研究了除了经验和面孔识别能力的影响之外，观察者的内隐种族偏见如何调节对其他种族面孔的识别。在一个文化多元化的城市中，白种参与者完成了一个针对亚洲人和白种人面孔的记忆任务、一个内隐联想测试、一个评估与亚洲人和白种人交往经验的问卷，以及一个面孔识别能力测试。正如预期的那样，亚洲面孔的识别表现与增加的面孔识别能力以及与亚洲人的交往经验呈正相关。更重要的是，它还与对亚洲人的积极偏见呈负相关，这种偏见受到面孔识别能力和内隐偏见之间的相互作用的调节，这种内隐偏见的影响主要出现在面孔识别能力较高的观察者中。此外，当参与者学习其他种族的面孔时，第一个和第二个注视点的位置受到不同因素的影响，第一个注视点受到经验的影响，第二个注视点受到内隐偏见和面孔识别能力之间的相互作用的影响。总之，这些发现表明，理解对其他种族效应的知觉和社会认知影响的复杂性，以及具有高面孔识别能力的观察者在识别其他种族面孔时可能更容易不自觉地评估种族特征。
