Universidad University of Almería, Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), E-04120 Almería, Spain.
Universidad University of Almería, Department of Agronomy & Center for Intensive Mediterranean Agrosystems and Agri-food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), E-04120 Almería, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Dec 1;954:176302. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176302. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
Restoration of mining sites is essential to ensure ecosystem services and biodiversity. One restoration strategy employed in arid and semi-arid zones is the use of organic amendments to establishment technosols. However, it is necessary to monitor the restoration progress in order to select appropriate amendments. This study monitored the effects of compost gardening, greenhouse horticulture and stabilized sewage sludge, and their blends. We focused on soil physical and chemical indicators and bacterial community structure and diversity during the 30 months after application. Organic amendments increased total organic carbon and nitrogen within six months, staying elevated compared to natural soils over 30 months. Electrical conductivity rose then stabilized, the pH slightly decreased but stayed alkaline, and water holding capacity improved in treated technosols. Bacterial diversity increased in amended technosols compared to control. Alpha diversity varied with treatment and time, peaking at 18 months. Technosols with plant compost showed reduced bacterial richness at 30 months, while those with sewage sludge and its mixtures maintained it. The bacterial community analysis showed significant differences among treatments and times, highlighting dominant phyla like Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. PCoA analysis showed clear separation of bacterial communities from treated, natural, and control soils, with notable differences between plant and sludge treatments. Soil variables such as TOC, TN, EC and water holding capacity explained more than 82 % of the variation in bacterial communities. Eighty-three indicator taxa were identified that explained the differences between the microbial communities of treated and untreated soils, highlighting the importance of taxa such as Pelagibacterium spp., Roseivirga spp. and Cellvibrio spp. in preserving soil health. In short, organic amendments improve soil properties and promote the diversity and stability of beneficial microbial communities in semi-arid mined soils, underlining their crucial role in the restoration and long-term maintenance of degraded soils.
矿山修复对于确保生态系统服务和生物多样性至关重要。在干旱和半干旱地区，一种修复策略是使用有机改良剂来建立人工土壤。然而，为了选择合适的改良剂，有必要监测修复进展。本研究监测了堆肥园艺、温室园艺和稳定化污水污泥及其混合物的效果。我们专注于应用后 30 个月内土壤物理化学指标以及细菌群落结构和多样性的变化。有机改良剂在六个月内增加了总有机碳和氮，与自然土壤相比，在 30 个月内仍保持较高水平。电导率升高后稳定，pH 值略有下降但仍呈碱性，处理后的人工土壤保水能力提高。与对照相比，改良后的人工土壤中的细菌多样性增加。处理和时间变化导致 α 多样性变化，在 18 个月时达到峰值。在 30 个月时，含有植物堆肥的人工土壤的细菌丰富度降低，而含有污水污泥及其混合物的人工土壤则保持不变。细菌群落分析表明，处理之间和时间之间存在显著差异，突出了优势门如 Proteobacteria 和 Bacteroidetes。PCoA 分析表明，处理、自然和对照土壤的细菌群落明显分离，植物和污泥处理之间存在显著差异。土壤变量如 TOC、TN、EC 和保水能力解释了细菌群落变化的 82%以上。确定了 83 个指示分类群，它们解释了处理和未处理土壤微生物群落之间的差异，突出了 Pelagibacterium spp.、Roseivirga spp. 和 Cellvibrio spp. 等分类群在保护土壤健康方面的重要性。总之，有机改良剂改善了半干旱矿区土壤的性质，促进了有益微生物群落的多样性和稳定性，强调了它们在退化土壤的恢复和长期维护中的关键作用。
