Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Sep 18;14(1):21825. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72366-3.
Nutrition support is an important care component for patients on hemodialysis. Also, patient self-management is important to maintaining proper nutritional intake during hemodialysis. This cross-sectional study investigated the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards nutrition support and management among hemodialysis patients treated at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January and March 2023. Among 445 (95.91%) valid questionnaires, 58.43% were filled out by male patients. The knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were 11.44 ± 1.80 (possible range: 0-13), 30.29 ± 3.22 (possible range: 8-40), and 31.27 ± 5.67 (possible range: 8-40), respectively. Age > 60 years (OR = 0.487, 95%CI: 0.260-0.913, P = 0.025) and junior college or undergraduate or above (OR = 2.606, 95%CI: 1.621-4.189, P < 0.001) were independently associated with adequate knowledge. The knowledge (OR = 1.151, 95%CI: 1.024-1.294, P = 0.018) and female gender (OR = 0.632, 95%CI: 0.419-0.953, P = 0.029) were independently associated with positive attitude. The knowledge (OR = 1.404, 95%CI: 1.221-1.614, P < 0.001), attitude (OR = 1.146, 95%CI: 1.069-1.227, P < 0.001), age 51-60 years (OR = 1.879, 95%CI: 1.093-3.229, P = 0.022), and BMI of 24.0-27.9 kg/m (OR = 0.434, 95%CI: 0.269-0.700, P = 0.001) were independently associated with proactive practice. Hemodialysis patients showed adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practice; however, there were also several gaps in knowledge and misconceptions regarding proper nutritional self-management. Accordingly, addressing these gaps and misconceptions through carefully designed and effectively implemented education is crucial for providing comprehensive guidance on optimal nutrition and self-management strategies.
营养支持是血液透析患者的重要护理组成部分。此外，患者的自我管理对于维持血液透析期间适当的营养摄入也很重要。本横断面研究调查了 2023 年 1 月至 3 月期间在四川大学华西医院接受治疗的血液透析患者对营养支持和管理的知识、态度和实践（KAP）。在 445 份（95.91%）有效问卷中，58.43%由男性患者填写。知识、态度和实践评分分别为 11.44±1.80（可能范围：0-13）、30.29±3.22（可能范围：8-40）和 31.27±5.67（可能范围：8-40）。年龄>60 岁（OR=0.487，95%CI：0.260-0.913，P=0.025）和大专或本科及以上学历（OR=2.606，95%CI：1.621-4.189，P<0.001）与充足的知识独立相关。知识（OR=1.151，95%CI：1.024-1.294，P=0.018）和女性（OR=0.632，95%CI：0.419-0.953，P=0.029）与积极的态度独立相关。知识（OR=1.404，95%CI：1.221-1.614，P<0.001）、态度（OR=1.146，95%CI：1.069-1.227，P<0.001）、年龄 51-60 岁（OR=1.879，95%CI：1.093-3.229，P=0.022）和 BMI 为 24.0-27.9 kg/m（OR=0.434，95%CI：0.269-0.700，P=0.001）与积极的实践独立相关。血液透析患者表现出充足的知识、积极的态度和积极的实践；然而，在适当的营养自我管理方面，他们的知识仍然存在一些差距和误解。因此，通过精心设计和有效实施教育来解决这些差距和误解，对于提供关于最佳营养和自我管理策略的全面指导至关重要。
