Abolli Samaneh, Ghordouei Milan Esfandiar, Bashardoust Parnia, Alimohammadi Mahmood
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Student's Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Environ Evid. 2023 Nov 14;12(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13750-023-00316-z.
"Carbon footprint" (CF) is a direct measure of greenhouse gas emissions caused by a defined activity and can demonstrate global warming effects. The emissions of Greenhouse gases (GHGs) in water projects start from the primary water sources, followed by transportation, construction, and operation phases in the final treatment plants. Due to their possible environmental impacts, the water treatment plants equipped with Reverse Osmosis (RO) units will be investigated for their carbon footprint.
The research question is "What is the carbon footprint of reverse osmosis in water treatment plants?". The literature search in this study will be divided into two sequential sections; in the first section, the search will be limited to Scopus, Science Direct, EMBASE, and PubMed databases. The keywords of water, "water treatment plants", "water purification", desalination, "reverse osmosis", RO, "carbon emission", "carbon dioxide/CO emission", "carbon footprint", "Life Cycle Assessment" and, LCA will be used. The carbon footprint of RO will be expressed based on the direct and indirect effects based on RO capacity. In the second section, the internet and specialist search will be done, and the search will be updated. No date limitation will be considered, and the main search will be done in English. When the search is completed, the screening will be performed. After removing duplicates, the title and abstract will be examined. The full text will be read if the title and abstract are not helpful for decision-making. In addition, the bibliography and references will proceed after the full-text screening. The Collaboration for Environmental Evidence (CEE) Critical Appraisal Tool will be used for risk of bias checking and study validity assessment. After full-text evaluation, data will be collected and categorized by two authors. If there is enough data, meta-analysis will be performed. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42022327572.
“碳足迹”（CF）是对特定活动产生的温室气体排放的直接衡量，能够体现全球变暖效应。水利项目中的温室气体排放始于主要水源，随后是运输、建设以及最终处理厂的运营阶段。鉴于其可能产生的环境影响，将对配备反渗透（RO）装置的水处理厂的碳足迹展开调查。
研究问题为“水处理厂中反渗透的碳足迹是多少？”。本研究中的文献检索将分为两个连续部分；在第一部分中，检索将限于Scopus、Science Direct、EMBASE和PubMed数据库。将使用水、“水处理厂”、“水净化”、海水淡化、“反渗透”、RO、“碳排放”、“二氧化碳/一氧化碳排放”、“碳足迹”、“生命周期评估”以及LCA等关键词。RO的碳足迹将基于RO容量的直接和间接影响来表示。在第二部分中，将进行互联网和专家检索，并更新检索内容。不考虑日期限制，主要检索将以英文进行。检索完成后，将进行筛选。去除重复项后，将检查标题和摘要。如果标题和摘要无助于决策，则将阅读全文。此外，在全文筛选后将查阅参考文献。将使用环境证据协作组织（CEE）的批判性评估工具进行偏倚风险检查和研究有效性评估。全文评估后，将由两位作者收集数据并进行分类。如果有足够的数据，将进行荟萃分析。系统评价注册PROSPERO CRD42022327572。
