Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Am J Biol Anthropol. 2024 Dec;185(4):e25016. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.25016. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
Contemporary migrations show form and intensity of interaction between homeland and host communities to shape social dynamics and identities. We apply here a contemporary theoretical framework and biogeochemical analyses to elucidate the scale, processes, and impacts of migration in the Tiwanaku polity (6th-11th c. CE) by inferring the mobility of individuals interred at the Tiwanaku-affiliated site of Omo M10 (Moquegua Valley, Peru).
For each of 124 individuals, we captured paleomobility across the life-course by analyzing up to four enamel and bone samples that formed during discrete developmental periods for radiogenic strontium (Sr/Sr) and stable oxygen (δO) isotopes.
At Omo M10, archaeological human enamel and bone values range from Sr/Sr = 0.70632-0.72183 and δO = -13.4‰ to +1.7‰, with a mean of Sr/Sr = 0.70763 ± 0.00164 (1σ, n = 334) and δO = -7.8‰ ± 1.9‰ (1σ, n = 334).
Together with archaeological evidence, we interpret these data as evidence for multigenerational interaction between communities in the high-altitude Tiwanaku heartland and at the site of Omo M10. Our results suggest that one-fourth of individuals spent some part of their life outside of Moquegua and one in eight individuals from Omo M10 were first-generation migrants. Greater mobility of females and juveniles at Omo M10 indicates that gender and family were important social constructs in maintaining relationships and cultural continuity in provincial Tiwanaku life, and communities maintained autochthonous migration streams with Tiwanaku-affiliated populations throughout the south-central Andes. Intra-individual biogeochemical analyses of migration at Omo M10 contribute a nuanced perspective on the diverse experiences of multigenerational Tiwanaku colonies.
当代移民展示了原籍社区和东道社区之间互动的形式和强度，以塑造社会动态和身份。我们在这里应用当代理论框架和生物地球化学分析，通过推断与 Tiwanaku 政体（公元 6-11 世纪）有关的 Omo M10 遗址（秘鲁莫克瓜山谷）中埋葬的个体的流动性，来阐明迁移的规模、过程和影响。
对于 124 个人中的每一个人，我们通过分析在不同发育时期形成的最多四个牙釉质和骨样本，来捕捉整个生命过程中的古迁移情况，这些样本用于放射性锶（Sr/Sr）和稳定氧（δO）同位素分析。
在 Omo M10，考古人类牙釉质和骨骼的值范围为 Sr/Sr = 0.70632-0.72183 和 δO = -13.4‰至 +1.7‰，平均值为 Sr/Sr = 0.70763 ± 0.00164（1σ，n = 334）和 δO = -7.8‰ ± 1.9‰（1σ，n = 334）。
结合考古证据，我们将这些数据解释为高海拔 Tiwanaku 中心地带的社区与 Omo M10 遗址之间多代际相互作用的证据。我们的结果表明，四分之一的个体在莫克瓜以外的某个地方度过了他们生命的一部分，而 Omo M10 的八分之一个体是第一代移民。Omo M10 女性和青少年的流动性更大，表明性别和家庭是维持省级 Tiwanaku 生活中人际关系和文化连续性的重要社会结构，并且社区与 Tiwanaku 相关人口一起维持着与南部安第斯山脉的同源迁移流。Omo M10 迁移的个体内生物地球化学分析为 Tiwanaku 殖民地的多样化经验提供了一个细致入微的视角。
