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Psychophysiological insights and user perspectives: enhancing police de-escalation skills through full-body VR training.

作者信息

Muñoz John E, Lavoie Jennifer A, Pope Alan T

机构信息

Department of Liberal Arts, Wilfrid Laurier University, Brantford, ON, Canada.

Department of Systems Design Engineering and The Games Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2024 Sep 4;15:1390677. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1390677. eCollection 2024.


DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1390677
PMID:39295763
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11409899/
Abstract

In recent years, Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing training responses in high-stress professions, notably among police officers. This study investigates the psychophysiological responses and subjective user experience of active police officers undergoing Mental Health Crisis Response (MHCR) training using an immersive full-body VR system. A total of 10 active police officers with Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) training participated in our controlled study. Officers independently took part in one VR training session lasting 7-12 min involving an avatar in crisis portrayed by an actor. Officers wore integrated cardiovascular and electrodermal activity measurement devices for physiological monitoring. VR user experience aspects such as induced symptoms or game mechanics were investigated upon completing the training, aiming to evaluate the officer's perceptions of the technology. We used the DePICT™ scale to evaluate the de-escalation skills of officers, coded by a research professional. Our findings revealed significant differences in heart rate and heart rate variability responses between baseline and VR scenario immersion, suggesting heightened stress regulation during the MHCR simulation using full-body VR. Arousal measurements also revealed measurable responses during the training in VR. Additionally, the user experience assessment indicated a positive reception to the VR training, with minimal VR-induced symptoms. A "Defensive-Dynamics-Dichotomy" was revealed highlighting dominant autonomic responses linked to defensive actions (e.g., officers who drew a weapon; those who kept their weapons holstered) and their respective implications for stress management and cognitive function. A unique constellation of de-escalation skills was revealed among officers who relied on weapons relative to those who did not, to resolve the scenario. The study highlighted the perceived utility of physiological monitoring technologies in enhancing police training outcomes. In conclusion, our research underscores the potential of VR as an effective tool for de-escalation training following MHCR simulated scenarios among active police officers, offering insights into its psychophysiological impact and user experience. The findings contribute to improving our understanding of the physiology associated with decision-making in police officers to draw a weapon, emphasizing the role of advanced simulation and physiological monitoring technology in developing evidence-based training programs for public safety.

摘要
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/f83d24770612/fpsyg-15-1390677-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/0a97d297c49a/fpsyg-15-1390677-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/b96905c8f66c/fpsyg-15-1390677-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/01af88174734/fpsyg-15-1390677-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/246e94f53c77/fpsyg-15-1390677-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/f5dfe2d1f167/fpsyg-15-1390677-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/43a157309dac/fpsyg-15-1390677-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/d7667700ec3d/fpsyg-15-1390677-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/4db80d023378/fpsyg-15-1390677-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/0f0592b346d6/fpsyg-15-1390677-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/f83d24770612/fpsyg-15-1390677-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/0a97d297c49a/fpsyg-15-1390677-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/b96905c8f66c/fpsyg-15-1390677-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/01af88174734/fpsyg-15-1390677-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/246e94f53c77/fpsyg-15-1390677-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/f5dfe2d1f167/fpsyg-15-1390677-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/43a157309dac/fpsyg-15-1390677-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/d7667700ec3d/fpsyg-15-1390677-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/4db80d023378/fpsyg-15-1390677-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/0f0592b346d6/fpsyg-15-1390677-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/95f4/11409899/f83d24770612/fpsyg-15-1390677-g010.jpg

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[1]
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[7]
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本文引用的文献

[1]
The psychological impact of COVID-19 on police officers.

Police J. 2022-3

[2]
Wearable Technology: A Wellbeing Option for Serving Police Officers and Staff? A Comparison of Results of a Pilot Study with Firearms Officers and a Group of Mixed Officers and Staff.

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024-2-6

[3]
Evoking stress reactivity in virtual reality: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022-7

[4]
Developing Community Co-designed Scenario-Based Training for Police Mental Health Crisis Response: a Relational Policing Approach to De-escalation.

J Police Crim Psychol. 2022

[5]
A Reasonable Officer: Examining the Relationships Among Stress, Training, and Performance in a Highly Realistic Lethal Force Scenario.

Front Psychol. 2022-1-17

[6]
Monitoring stress and allostatic load in first responders and tactical operators using heart rate variability: a systematic review.

BMC Public Health. 2021-9-18

[7]
Testing the Efficacy of a 1-Day Police Decision-Making and Autonomic Modulation Intervention: A Quasi-Random Pragmatic Controlled Trial.

Front Psychol. 2021-8-11

[8]
Validity of electrodermal activity-based measures of sympathetic nervous system activity from a wrist-worn device.

Int J Psychophysiol. 2021-10

[9]
Increasing Mental Health Literacy in Law Enforcement to Improve Best Practices in Policing-Introduction of an Empirically Derived, Modular, Differentiated, and End-User Driven Training Design.

Front Psychiatry. 2021-8-2

[10]
Breathing Biofeedback for Police Officers in a Stressful Virtual Environment: Challenges and Opportunities.

Front Psychol. 2021-3-12

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