Breaden Madden Gerard, Herff Steffen A, Beveridge Scott, Jabusch Hans-Christian
Institute of Musicians' Medicine, University of Music Carl Maria von Weber, Dresden, Germany.
Sydney Conservatorium of Music, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Front Psychol. 2024 Sep 4;15:1407303. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1407303. eCollection 2024.
Emotion regulation is an important part of effective goal pursuit. Functional accounts of emotion regulation suggest that the attainment of challenging goals may be supported by regulating emotions which promote utilitarian over hedonic outcomes. When pursuing the challenging, long-term goal of acquiring expert musical skills and knowledge, musicians may wish to prioritise whichever emotions are most conducive to attaining this goal, even if those emotions are not necessarily positive.
Via an online questionnaire, musicians ( = 421) answered questions concerning their musical experience and their expertise-related practice goals. They also reported how strongly they experienced different emotions during practice, and how strongly they desired to either increase or decrease the intensity of those same emotions. Data were analysed using inferential frequentist statistics and Bayesian mixed effects models. Evidence ratios (ER) > 19 were considered strong evidence in favour of an effect.
Our analysis showed that musicians experienced and desired strong levels of positive emotions in their practice. In addition, they reported greater desire to intensify positive compared to negative emotions [ (420) = 58.13, < 0.001]. Our Bayesian mixed effects model provided strong evidence that greater desire to intensify anger increased the probability that an observation derived from a musician with stronger expertise-related goals [Est = 0.70; Odds (Est > 0) > 9,999]. In addition to anger, higher levels of expertise-related goals were increasingly predicted by less strong desire to intensify guilt and gloom and greater desire to reduce downheartedness (all ER > 19).
Overall, musicians had a strong, general desire to intensify positive emotions during their musical practice. However, musicians with higher levels of expertise-related goals increasingly indicated a nuanced approach regarding how they desired to regulate certain negative emotions. Findings suggest that musicians engage in selective and sophisticated emotion regulation behaviour that aligns with their long-term commitment to develop musical expertise. They may prioritise emotions which may be functionally beneficial, whilst avoiding emotions which may be counterproductive or undermine efforts. Findings from this study contribute to our understanding of expertise-related, domain-specific emotion regulation behaviour and may inform the design of prioritised musical practice strategies.
情绪调节是有效追求目标的重要组成部分。情绪调节的功能理论表明，通过调节情绪以促进功利性而非享乐性结果，可能有助于实现具有挑战性的目标。在追求获得专业音乐技能和知识这一具有挑战性的长期目标时，音乐家可能希望优先考虑那些最有利于实现该目标的情绪，即使这些情绪不一定是积极的。
通过在线问卷，音乐家（n = 421）回答了有关他们的音乐经历以及与专业技能相关的练习目标的问题。他们还报告了在练习过程中体验到不同情绪的强烈程度，以及他们希望增强或减弱这些情绪强度的强烈程度。使用推断性频率统计和贝叶斯混合效应模型对数据进行分析。证据比（ER）> 19被视为支持某种效应的有力证据。
我们的分析表明，音乐家在练习中体验到并渴望强烈的积极情绪。此外，与消极情绪相比，他们表示更渴望增强积极情绪[（420）= 58.13，p < 0.001]。我们的贝叶斯混合效应模型提供了有力证据，表明更渴望增强愤怒情绪会增加来自具有更强专业技能相关目标的音乐家的观察结果的概率[估计值 = 0.70；优势（估计值 > 0）> 9,999]。除了愤怒情绪外，更强的专业技能相关目标越来越多地由减弱内疚和忧郁情绪的较弱渴望以及减少沮丧情绪的较强渴望所预测（所有ER > 19）。
总体而言，音乐家在音乐练习过程中有强烈的普遍愿望来增强积极情绪。然而，具有更高专业技能相关目标的音乐家越来越表明他们在如何调节某些消极情绪方面采取了细致入微的方法。研究结果表明，音乐家会进行有选择性的、复杂的情绪调节行为，这与他们发展音乐专业技能的长期投入相一致。他们可能会优先考虑在功能上有益的情绪，同时避免那些可能适得其反或破坏努力的情绪。本研究的结果有助于我们理解与专业技能相关的、特定领域的情绪调节行为，并可能为优先音乐练习策略的设计提供参考。
