Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 4;15:1450380. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1450380. eCollection 2024.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic underscores the critical need to integrate immunomics within the One Health framework to effectively address zoonotic diseases across humans, animals, and environments. Employing advanced high-throughput technologies, this interdisciplinary approach reveals the complex immunological interactions among these systems, enhancing our understanding of immune responses and yielding vital insights into the mechanisms that influence viral spread and host susceptibility. Significant advancements in immunomics have accelerated vaccine development, improved viral mutation tracking, and broadened our comprehension of immune pathways in zoonotic transmissions. This review highlights the role of animals, not merely as carriers or reservoirs, but as essential elements of ecological networks that profoundly influence viral epidemiology. Furthermore, we explore how environmental factors shape immune response patterns across species, influencing viral persistence and spillover risks. Moreover, case studies demonstrating the integration of immunogenomic data within the One Health framework for COVID-19 are discussed, outlining its implications for future research. However, linking humans, animals, and the environment through immunogenomics remains challenging, including the complex management of vast amounts of data and issues of scalability. Despite challenges, integrating immunomics data within the One Health framework significantly enhances our strategies and responses to zoonotic diseases and pandemic threats, marking a crucial direction for future public health breakthroughs.
2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行突显了在“同一健康”框架内整合免疫组学的重要性，以有效应对人类、动物和环境中的人畜共患疾病。采用先进的高通量技术，这种跨学科方法揭示了这些系统之间复杂的免疫相互作用，增强了我们对免疫反应的理解，并为影响病毒传播和宿主易感性的机制提供了重要见解。免疫组学的重大进展加速了疫苗的开发，改进了病毒突变的跟踪，并扩大了我们对人畜共患传播中免疫途径的理解。这篇综述强调了动物的作用，不仅是作为携带者或储存库，而且是深刻影响病毒流行病学的生态网络的重要组成部分。此外，我们探讨了环境因素如何影响不同物种的免疫反应模式，从而影响病毒的持久性和溢出风险。此外，还讨论了将免疫基因组学数据整合到 COVID-19 的“同一健康”框架中的案例研究，概述了其对未来研究的意义。然而，通过免疫基因组学将人类、动物和环境联系起来仍然具有挑战性，包括大量数据的复杂管理和可扩展性问题。尽管存在挑战，但在“同一健康”框架内整合免疫组学数据可显著增强我们对人畜共患疾病和大流行威胁的策略和应对措施，这是未来公共卫生突破的关键方向。
