Oladipupo Oladoyinbo Fatai, Adekola Adesokan Hameed, Ofudje Edwin Andrew, Al-Ahmary Khairia Mohammed, Al-Mhyawi Saedah R, Alshdoukhi Ibtehaj F, Alrahili Mazen R, Alsaiari Ahad Amer
Department of Chemistry, College of Physical Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Department of Chemical Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 25;10(17):e36493. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36493. eCollection 2024 Sep 15.
This work investigated the facile synthesis of porous scaffold eggshell derived hydroxylapatite (ESHAp) as a composite with ammonium bicarbonate AMB for potential biomaterial in tissue engineering application. The phase purity, composition, size, functional groups and morphology of the apatite were elucidated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that hydroxylapatite (HAp) nanoparticles have round morphologies with average diameters between 20 nm and 80 nm, FT-IR analysis confirmed significant hydroxylapatite functional groups like carbonate, phosphate, and hydroxyl groups, while XRD analysis revealed a well crystalline monophasic HAp powder. The scaffold samples containing 10, 20, 25 and 30 % of AMB withstood a compressive stress up to 5, 20, 30 and 42 N/mm respectively which indicates that the compressive stress increased with the AMB content introduced as the pore forming agent. MTT assay performed using MG63 osteosarcoma cell lines showed that on comparing the sample of ESTHAp which contained 0 % AMB with other samples in the range of 0.01-1 mM, viability of above 85 % MG63 cells was achieved except for ESTHAp with 40 % AMB, which showed some level of toxicity. The cell adhesion studies of sintered ESTHAp porous scaffold with different weight percent of the pore forming agents using inverted microscopic images of MG 63 cells incubated with ESTHAp samples and treated with heat at 1000 °C appeared to be unstable in the media used with particle leaching observed, and no cells observed near to the samples.
本研究探讨了以蛋壳为原料，通过简便方法合成多孔支架羟基磷灰石（ESHAp），并将其与碳酸氢铵（AMB）复合，用于组织工程应用中的潜在生物材料。使用高分辨率透射电子显微镜（HTEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对磷灰石的相纯度、组成、尺寸、官能团和形态进行了表征。结果表明，羟基磷灰石（HAp）纳米颗粒呈圆形，平均直径在20纳米至80纳米之间，FT-IR分析证实了存在显著的羟基磷灰石官能团，如碳酸根、磷酸根和羟基，而XRD分析显示为结晶良好的单相HAp粉末。含有10%、20%、25%和30% AMB的支架样品分别承受高达5、20、30和42 N/mm的压缩应力，这表明压缩应力随着作为造孔剂引入的AMB含量增加而增大。使用MG63骨肉瘤细胞系进行的MTT试验表明，将含0% AMB的ESTHAp样品与0.01 - 1 mM范围内的其他样品进行比较时，除含40% AMB的ESTHAp显示出一定毒性外，其余样品中MG63细胞的存活率均达到85%以上。使用与ESTHAp样品孵育并在1000°C加热处理的MG 63细胞的倒置显微镜图像，对具有不同重量百分比造孔剂的烧结ESTHAp多孔支架进行细胞粘附研究，结果发现在所用培养基中不稳定，观察到颗粒浸出，且样品附近未观察到细胞。
