Eslamimehr Farnaz, Hosseini Zahra, Aghamolaei Teamur, Nikparvar Marzieh, Ghanbarnejad Amin
Research Committee, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Department of Health Promotion and Education, Social Determinants in Health Promotion Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2024 Jul 11;13:213. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_592_23. eCollection 2024.
Assessment of self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension may provide clinicians and practitioners with important information about how to better control hypertension. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the predictors of self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension based on an integrated model of theories of planned behavior and protection motivation.
The present cross-sectional study was part of a larger study, conducted in 2022 on 344 hypertensive patients from Khamir County in Hormozgan Province in Iran. The sample was selected through a systematic random sampling. The patients completed a researcher-made questionnaire based on constructs of the theory of planned behavior and protection motivation theory. They also completed, Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE), Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS), and a demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS 21 using the Pearson correlation coefficient, independent-samples T test, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression analysis.
The participants' mean age was 47.34 ± 13.68 years. Adherence to medication, physical activity, weight management, diet, and nonsmoking scores were 42.7, 27.3, 66.3, 14.2, and 81.1, respectively. The linear regression model showed that behavioral beliefs (β = 0.366, < 0.001), perceived rewards (β = -0.248, < 0.001), control beliefs (β = 0.133, = 0.013), and normative beliefs (β = 0.143, = 0.025) were the major predictors of self-care behaviors in patients with hypertension.
In light of the present findings, it can be concluded that it is crucial to change patients' attitudes toward self-care behaviors and improve the social acceptance of behavior and its development in society, and improve patients' control beliefs through goal-oriented education that develops resistance against the perceived rewards of the unfavorable behavior. Considering these constructs can act as strategies to promote self-care behaviors among patients.
评估高血压患者的自我护理行为可为临床医生和从业者提供有关如何更好地控制高血压的重要信息。因此，本研究旨在基于计划行为理论和保护动机理论的综合模型，探讨高血压患者自我护理行为的预测因素。
本横断面研究是一项更大规模研究的一部分，于2022年对伊朗霍尔木兹甘省卡米尔县的344名高血压患者进行。样本通过系统随机抽样选取。患者完成了一份基于计划行为理论和保护动机理论构建的研究者自制问卷。他们还完成了高血压自我护理活动水平效应（H-SCALE）、高血压知识水平量表（HK-LS）和一份人口统计学问卷。数据在SPSS 21中使用Pearson相关系数、独立样本t检验、单因素方差分析和线性回归分析进行分析。
参与者的平均年龄为47.34±13.68岁。药物依从性、体育活动、体重管理、饮食和不吸烟得分分别为42.7、27.3、66.3、14.2和81.1。线性回归模型显示，行为信念（β = 0.366，<0.001）、感知奖励（β = -0.248，<0.001）、控制信念（β = 0.133，= 0.013）和规范信念（β = 0.143，= 0.025）是高血压患者自我护理行为的主要预测因素。
根据目前的研究结果，可以得出结论认为，改变患者对自我护理行为的态度、提高社会对行为的接受度及其在社会中的发展，并通过开展针对不利行为感知奖励的抵抗能力的目标导向教育来改善患者的控制信念至关重要。考虑这些因素可作为促进患者自我护理行为的策略。
