Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43202, USA.
Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39759, USA.
Biol Open. 2024 Sep 15;13(9). doi: 10.1242/bio.060517. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
North American bison (Bovidae: Bison bison) incur blunt impacts to the interparietal and frontal bones when they engage in head-to-head fights. To investigate the impact mitigation of these bones, a finite element analysis (FEA) of the skull under loading conditions was performed. Based on anatomical and histological studies, the interparietal and frontal bones are both comprised of a combination of haversian and plexiform bone and are both underlain by bony septa. Additionally, the interparietal bone is thicker than the frontal bone. Data regarding the mechanical properties of bison bone are scarce, but the results of a phylogenetic analysis infer that the material properties of the closely related domestic cow bone are a suitable proxy for use in the FEA. Results of the FEA suggest that the thickness of the interparietal bone in conjunction with the bony septa may prevent fracture stresses by helping to absorb and disperse the blunt impact energy throughout the skull. Monotonic stress levels of 294 MPa, which are below the compressive strength of bone were exhibited in the simulated bison head impacts indicating no fracture of the bones.
北美野牛（牛科：野牛属野牛）在进行头对头的战斗时，会使顶骨和额骨受到钝性冲击。为了研究这些骨头的冲击缓解能力，对颅骨在加载条件下进行了有限元分析（FEA）。基于解剖学和组织学研究，顶骨和额骨均由哈氏骨和丛状骨组成，均由骨隔支撑。此外，顶骨比额骨厚。有关野牛骨机械性能的数据很少，但系统发育分析的结果推断，密切相关的家养牛骨的材料特性是 FEA 中合适的替代物。FEA 的结果表明，顶骨的厚度和骨隔的结合可能通过帮助吸收和分散整个颅骨的钝性冲击能量来防止骨折应力。模拟的野牛头部撞击中显示出 294 MPa 的单调应力水平低于骨的抗压强度，表明骨头没有骨折。
