Keaveny T M, Morgan E F, Niebur G L, Yeh O C
Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1740, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;3:307-33. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.3.1.307.
Trabecular bone is a complex material with substantial heterogeneity. Its elastic and strength properties vary widely across anatomic sites, and with aging and disease. Although these properties depend very much on density, the role of architecture and tissue material properties remain uncertain. It is interesting that the strains at which the bone fails are almost independent of density. Current work addresses the underlying structure-function relations for such behavior, as well as more complex mechanical behavior, such as multiaxial loading, time-dependent failure, and damage accumulation. A unique tool for studying such behavior is the microstructural class of finite element models, particularly the "high-resolution" models. It is expected that with continued progress in this field, substantial insight will be gained into such important problems as osteoporosis, bone fracture, bone remodeling, and design/analysis of bone-implant systems. This article reviews the state of the art in trabecular bone biomechanics, focusing on the mechanical aspects, and attempts to identify important areas of current and future research.
松质骨是一种具有显著异质性的复杂材料。其弹性和强度特性在不同解剖部位以及随着衰老和疾病而有很大差异。尽管这些特性很大程度上取决于密度，但结构和组织材料特性的作用仍不明确。有趣的是，骨骼失效时的应变几乎与密度无关。当前的研究致力于探讨此类行为背后的结构 - 功能关系，以及更复杂的力学行为，如多轴加载、时间依赖性失效和损伤累积。研究此类行为的一个独特工具是有限元模型的微观结构类别，特别是“高分辨率”模型。预计随着该领域的持续进展，将对骨质疏松症、骨折、骨重塑以及骨植入系统的设计/分析等重要问题有更深入的了解。本文回顾了松质骨生物力学的当前状况，重点关注力学方面，并试图确定当前和未来研究的重要领域。
