Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2024 Sep;39(9):e6151. doi: 10.1002/gps.6151.
To explore the strength of the association between cognitive functioning and depression and anxiety in older people without dementia.
An exploratory, cross-sectional analysis of Wave 1 (2004-2007) data from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 dataset. Three subgroups were based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) subscales: no probable anxiety or depression (N = 592), probable anxiety no depression (N = 122), probable depression with/without anxiety (depression) (N = 30). Regression analyses determined relationships between subgroups and identified cognitive test variables.
Participants were 744 individuals (male = 385 [51.5%]; mean [M] age = 69.5 years [Standard deviation = 0.83]); characteristics for subgroups were similar. Participants with probable depression had slower simple reaction time scores than those with no anxiety or depression (regression slope [β] on the log10 scale = 0.05, 95% Confidence Interval [0.03, 0.08], p ≤ 0.001). Those with probable anxiety had significantly worse scores on other tests: Spatial span (β = -0.80 [-1.36, -0.25], p ≤ 0.005), Symbol Search (β = -1.67 [-2.90, -0.45], p ≤ 0.01), Matrix Reasoning (β = -1.58 [-2.55, -0.60], p ≤ 0.005) and Block Design (β = -3.33 [-5.29, -1.37], p ≤ 0.001), than those without probable anxiety or depression.
Probable depression and anxiety were found to be associated with lower cognitive function in those without evidence of dementia. People with probable anxiety showed poorer performance in tests that concerned making decisions. People with probable depression showed slower processing speed.
探讨无痴呆老年人认知功能与抑郁和焦虑之间的关联强度。
对 1936 年洛锡安出生队列数据集第 1 波（2004-2007 年）数据进行探索性横断面分析。根据医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）亚量表将三个亚组分为：无明显焦虑或抑郁（N=592）、无抑郁但有焦虑（N=122）、有或无焦虑的抑郁（抑郁）（N=30）。回归分析确定了亚组之间的关系，并确定了认知测试变量。
参与者为 744 人（男性 385 人[51.5%]；平均年龄[M]69.5 岁[标准差 0.83]）；亚组特征相似。有抑郁倾向的参与者的简单反应时得分比无焦虑或抑郁的参与者慢（log10 刻度上的回归斜率[β]为 0.05，95%置信区间[0.03，0.08]，p≤0.001）。有焦虑倾向的参与者在其他测试中得分明显更差：空间跨度（β=-0.80[-1.36，-0.25]，p≤0.005）、符号搜索（β=-1.67[-2.90，-0.45]，p≤0.01）、矩阵推理（β=-1.58[-2.55，-0.60]，p≤0.005）和积木设计（β=-3.33[-5.29，-1.37]，p≤0.001），比无明显焦虑或抑郁的参与者差。
在没有痴呆证据的人群中，抑郁和焦虑被认为与较低的认知功能有关。有焦虑倾向的人在需要做出决策的测试中表现较差。有抑郁倾向的人表现出较慢的处理速度。
