College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
Grainger College of Engineering Department of Computer Science Grainger, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 61820, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Nov;370:122501. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122501. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
As an important part of the ecosystem, saline-alkali soils are in urgent need of efficient and environmentally friendly soil conditioners. Biochar and wood vinegar are regarded as organic soil improvement and plant growth regulators to improve soil physicochemical properties and promote crop growth. However, the mechanism of how inorganic phosphorus bacteria increase phosphorus when biochar and wood vinegar applied to saline-alkali soils is not clear. Herein, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of biochar and wood vinegar with different rates on physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soils and inorganic phosphorus bacteria diversities and to discuss the mechanism of biochar and wood vinegar on available phosphorus by pot experiments. The application of biochar and wood vinegar exhibited an effect on the decrease in pH and salt contents and the increase in soil porosity, soil nutrients, and hundred-grain weight of rice. The 600 kg ha biochar and 1800 kg ha wood vinegar group showed the most significant increment in available phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and neutral phosphatase activities, with the increases of 49.24%, 40.35%, 48%, and 149%, respectively. The 600 kg ha biochar and 1200 kg ha wood vinegar group significantly enhanced microbial biomass phosphorus concentrations by 41.29%. Moreover, biochar and wood vinegar shifted inorganic phosphorus bacteria composition structure and promoted its diversities, more so at a higher rate of wood vinegar application. The dominant species of inorganic phosphorus bacteria were Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Pseudomonas, and Rhizobium in saline-alkali soils. The Alphaproteobacteria and Hydrogenophaga were the key microorganisms reducing pH and salt contents and increasing available phosphorus contents in saline-alkali soils. In conclusion, the application of biochar and wood vinegar was a useful strategy to improve saline-alkali soils.
作为生态系统的重要组成部分，盐碱土急需高效、环保的土壤调理剂。生物炭和木醋液被视为有机土壤改良剂和植物生长调节剂，可改善土壤理化性质，促进作物生长。然而，生物炭和木醋液应用于盐碱土时，无机磷细菌如何增加磷的机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨不同施用量的生物炭和木醋液对盐碱土理化性质和无机磷细菌多样性的影响，并通过盆栽试验探讨生物炭和木醋液对有效磷的作用机制。生物炭和木醋液的应用对降低 pH 值和盐分含量、增加土壤孔隙度、土壤养分和百粒重均有一定的效果。600 kg/ha 生物炭和 1800 kg/ha 木醋液处理组有效磷、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和中性磷酸酶活性分别增加了 49.24%、40.35%、48%和 149%，增加效果最为显著。600 kg/ha 生物炭和 1200 kg/ha 木醋液处理组显著提高了微生物生物量磷浓度，增加了 41.29%。此外，生物炭和木醋液改变了无机磷细菌的组成结构，促进了其多样性，在较高的木醋液施用量下效果更为显著。盐碱土中无机磷细菌的优势种为变形菌门、γ-变形菌纲、α-变形菌纲、假单胞菌属和根瘤菌属。α-变形菌纲和噬氢菌属是降低 pH 值和盐分含量、增加盐碱土有效磷含量的关键微生物。综上所述，生物炭和木醋液的应用是改良盐碱土的有效策略。
