Alt Tobias, Komnik Igor, Ryan Laurence J, Clark Kenneth P
Department of Biomechanics, Performance Analysis and Strength & Conditioning, Olympic Training and Testing Centre Westphalia, Dortmund, Germany.
Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany.
Hum Mov Sci. 2024 Dec;98:103280. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103280. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
Sprinting at maximum velocity requires fast angular motion of the thigh and effective hamstring function for optimum performance and injury prevention. In this cross-sectional investigation of 21 male sprinters, we acquired thigh angular kinematics while sprinting at top speed (range: 8.96-10.17 m/s), and then measured eccentric hamstring strength capacities using an isokinetic dynamometer during the same test session. In agreement with the hypotheses, thigh angular motion rates and the associated eccentric hamstring strength capacities were both significantly correlated with top speed (r-values: ∼0.5; p < 0.05). Additionally, when the participants were sorted by top speed, there were significant differences between the faster group and the slower group. Notably, on average the faster group showed faster thigh motion (angular acceleration: 10.3 kdeg/s, 11 % greater than slower group) and higher eccentric hamstring strength capacities (peak moment: 2.26 Nm/kg, 14 % greater than slower group). This investigation indicates that fast thigh angular motion and eccentric hamstring strength are both important for sprint performance.
以最大速度冲刺需要大腿快速的角向运动以及有效的腘绳肌功能，以实现最佳表现并预防损伤。在这项对21名男性短跑运动员的横断面研究中，我们在他们以最高速度冲刺（范围：8.96 - 10.17米/秒）时获取了大腿角向运动学数据，然后在同一测试环节中使用等速测力计测量了腘绳肌的离心力量能力。与假设一致，大腿角向运动速率和相关的腘绳肌离心力量能力均与最高速度显著相关（r值：约0.5；p < 0.05）。此外，当按最高速度对参与者进行分类时，较快组和较慢组之间存在显著差异。值得注意的是，平均而言，较快组的大腿运动更快（角加速度：10.3千度/秒，比慢组高11%）且腘绳肌离心力量能力更高（峰值力矩：2.26牛米/千克，比慢组高14%）。这项研究表明，快速的大腿角向运动和腘绳肌离心力量对短跑表现都很重要。
