Dissanayaka Nalinda, Novak James I, Alexander Hamish, Carluccio Danilo, Vandi Luigi-Jules
School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia; School of Architecture, Design and Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
World Neurosurg. 2024 Dec;192:e139-e154. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.09.057. Epub 2024 Oct 5.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology presents a promising avenue for the development of affordable neurosurgical simulation models, addressing many challenges related to the use of cadavers, animal models, and direct patient engagement. The aim of this study is to introduce and evaluate a new high-fidelity neurosurgical simulation model targeted for both burr hole and craniotomy procedures.
12 different 3D-printed skull models were manufactured using 5 different materials (polyether ether ketone, White Resin, Rigid 10K, Bone, and Skull) from 3 different 3D print processes (fused filament fabrication, stereolithography [SLA], and material jetting). Six consultant neurosurgeons conducted burr holes and craniotomies on each sample while blinded to these manufacturing details. Participants completed a survey based on the qualities of the models, including mechanical performance, visual appearance, interior feeling, exterior feeling, sound, overall quality, and recommendations for training purposes based on their prior experience completing these procedures on human skulls.
This study found that the multimaterial SLA-printed models consisting of White Resin for the outer table and Rigid 10K for the diploe and inner table were successful in replicating a human skull for burr hole and craniotomy simulation. This was followed by the porous General Bone preset material on a Stratasys J750 Digital Anatomy Printer.
The findings indicate that widely accessible and economical desktop SLA 3D printers can provide an effective solution in neurosurgical training, thus promoting their integration in hospitals.
三维（3D）打印技术为开发经济实惠的神经外科模拟模型提供了一条有前景的途径，解决了与使用尸体、动物模型以及直接让患者参与相关的诸多挑战。本研究的目的是引入并评估一种针对钻孔和开颅手术的新型高保真神经外科模拟模型。
使用3种不同的3D打印工艺（熔融沉积成型、立体光刻[SLA]和材料喷射），从5种不同材料（聚醚醚酮、白色树脂、刚性10K、骨和颅骨）制造了12个不同的3D打印颅骨模型。6位神经外科顾问在对这些制造细节不知情的情况下，对每个样本进行钻孔和开颅手术。参与者根据模型的质量完成了一项调查，包括机械性能、视觉外观、内部感觉、外部感觉、声音、整体质量以及基于他们之前在人类颅骨上完成这些手术的经验对训练目的的建议。
本研究发现，由外层使用白色树脂、板障和内层使用刚性10K组成的多材料SLA打印模型成功地复制了用于钻孔和开颅模拟的人类颅骨。其次是Stratasys J750数字解剖打印机上的多孔通用骨预设材料。
研究结果表明，广泛可用且经济的桌面SLA 3D打印机可以在神经外科训练中提供有效的解决方案，从而促进它们在医院中的整合。
