Madaki Suzie, Mohammed Yusuf, Rogo Lawal Dahiru, Yusuf Mustapha, Bala Yazeed Garba
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano state, Nigeria.
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano state, Nigeria.
J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2024 Dec;39:175-183. doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.09.002. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) is a very important public health threat that should not be ignored. Understanding the gender, age, and characteristics of individuals affected by TB (without HIV, diabetes, or hepatitis B complications), particularly in terms of drug resistance or susceptibility, is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies, as most studies focus on TB/HIV co-infection.
A cross-sectional case study of age and gender was carried out in 140 individuals grouped into drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB), and apparently healthy controls (AHCs). Data collection was through medical records and a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses compared age, gender, and selected risk factors across the groups.
The mean age of the DR-TB group was 32 years (SD ≈ 2). A total of 80.0% were ≤40 years of age and four times more likely to have DR-TB; 55% were male, with 1.22 times more likelihood of DR-TB in males. The mean age of the DS-TB group was 34 years (SD ≈ 12); 66.7% were ≤40 years old. The odds ratio of DS-TB in males was 2.16. Only 10% of DR-TB enrolees had BCG scars compared with 65% AHCs. A high percentage of the DR-TB group reported handling raw meat (75%) and drinking unpasteurised milk (70%) compared with the DS-TB group.
The observed gender disparities and age-related factors, particularly among the DR-TB group, highlight the importance of considering age and gender factors in DR-TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Our findings also highlight the need to bridge gaps in awareness as well as for the prevention of zoonotic TB and issues around effective BCG vaccination and coverage.
结核病耐药性是一个非常重要且不容忽视的公共卫生威胁。了解结核病患者（无艾滋病毒、糖尿病或乙型肝炎并发症）的性别、年龄及个体特征，尤其是耐药性或易感性方面，对于制定有效的预防和管理策略至关重要，因为大多数研究聚焦于结核病与艾滋病毒合并感染情况。
对140名个体进行了年龄和性别的横断面病例研究，这些个体分为耐多药结核病（DR-TB）组、药物敏感结核病（DS-TB）组和明显健康对照组（AHCs）。通过病历和结构化问卷收集数据。统计分析比较了各组的年龄、性别及选定的风险因素。
DR-TB组的平均年龄为32岁（标准差约为2）。共有80.0%的患者年龄≤40岁，患DR-TB的可能性是其他人的四倍；55%为男性，男性患DR-TB的可能性是女性的1.22倍。DS-TB组的平均年龄为34岁（标准差约为12）；66.7%的患者年龄≤40岁。男性患DS-TB的优势比为2.16。与65%的AHCs相比，只有10%的DR-TB受试者有卡介苗疤痕。与DS-TB组相比，DR-TB组中有很高比例的人报告处理过生肉（75%）和饮用过未巴氏杀菌的牛奶（70%）。
观察到的性别差异和与年龄相关的因素，特别是在DR-TB组中，凸显了在DR-TB预防、诊断和治疗中考虑年龄和性别因素的重要性。我们的研究结果还强调了弥合认知差距以及预防人畜共患结核病和有效卡介苗接种及覆盖率相关问题的必要性。
