Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institute of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2024 Oct;45(10):738-749. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2024.08.009. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
The meninges in vertebrates comprise three layers (dura, arachnoid, pia mater), representing an important barrier surrounding and protecting the central nervous system (CNS). The most exterior CNS barrier, the dura mater, is unique because it resembles a peripheral tissue. It hosts a rich immune landscape, lymphatic vessels, and fenestrated vasculature, allowing microbes and other threats from the blood to extravasate into the meninges, potentially reaching the underlying CNS. The highly specialized large venous drainage system in the dura is especially susceptible to infection. Here, we explore specializations in the CNS barrier system from an anatomical and immunological perspective and posit that the dura mater evolved an elaborate innate and adaptive immune system in specific locations within it to protect underlying CNS tissue against invading pathogens.
脊椎动物的脑膜由三层组成（硬脑膜、蛛网膜、软脑膜），构成了环绕和保护中枢神经系统（CNS）的重要屏障。中枢神经系统最外层的屏障是硬脑膜，它独特之处在于它类似于外周组织。硬脑膜拥有丰富的免疫景观、淋巴管和有窗孔的血管，允许血液中的微生物和其他威胁物渗出到脑膜中，从而有可能到达下面的中枢神经系统。硬脑膜中高度特化的大型静脉引流系统特别容易受到感染。在这里，我们从解剖学和免疫学的角度探讨中枢神经系统屏障系统的特化，并假设硬脑膜在其特定部位进化出了一个复杂的先天和适应性免疫系统，以保护下面的中枢神经系统组织免受入侵病原体的侵害。
