Smyth Leon C D, Kipnis Jonathan
Brain Immunology and Glia Center, Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2025 May 2. doi: 10.1038/s41577-025-01175-0.
The central nervous system (CNS) has a unique relationship with the immune system, referred to as immune privilege. For many years it was thought that immune privilege was due to isolation of the CNS from the immune system, but recent findings have shown that this theory is flawed and that there is substantial neuroimmune communication, particularly at border sites that encase the CNS. These border sites include perivascular and subarachnoid spaces, the choroid plexus, the meninges and the vasculature, including the recently discovered meningeal lymphatic vessels. CNS border tissues have extensive interaction with the cerebrospinal fluid, which acts as an immune mediator, allowing the immune system at the CNS borders to respond to challenges within the CNS parenchyma. Together, CNS border tissues enable immune surveillance and protection against infections while preventing inflammatory damage to the parenchyma. A better understanding of the mechanisms of immune privilege as an accord, as opposed to isolation, between the two systems would help us obtain effective immunotherapies for neurological diseases.
中枢神经系统（CNS）与免疫系统有着独特的关系，即免疫赦免。多年来，人们一直认为免疫赦免是由于中枢神经系统与免疫系统隔离所致，但最近的研究结果表明，这一理论存在缺陷，实际上存在大量的神经免疫交流，尤其是在包裹中枢神经系统的边界部位。这些边界部位包括血管周围间隙和蛛网膜下腔、脉络丛、脑膜以及脉管系统，包括最近发现的脑膜淋巴管。中枢神经系统边界组织与脑脊液有广泛的相互作用，脑脊液作为一种免疫介质，使中枢神经系统边界的免疫系统能够对中枢神经实质内的挑战做出反应。总之，中枢神经系统边界组织能够实现免疫监视并预防感染，同时防止对实质的炎症性损伤。更好地理解这两个系统之间作为一种协调而非隔离的免疫赦免机制，将有助于我们获得针对神经疾病的有效免疫疗法。
