Nash Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Neuropsychopharmacology. 2024 Nov;50(1):285-293. doi: 10.1038/s41386-024-01979-z. Epub 2024 Sep 18.
Many studies have shown that memories are encoded in sparse neural ensembles distributed across the brain. During the post-encoding period, often during sleep, many of the cells that were active during encoding are reactivated, supporting consolidation of this memory. During memory recall, many of the same cells that were active during encoding and reactivated during consolidation are reactivated during recall. These ensembles of cells have been referred to as the memory engram cells, stably representing a specific memory. However, recent studies question the rigidity of the "stable memory engram." Here we review the past literature of how episodic-like memories are encoded, consolidated, and recalled. We also highlight more recent studies (as well as some older literature) that suggest that these stable memories and their representations are much more dynamic and flexible than previously thought. We highlight some of these processes, including memory updating, reconsolidation, forgetting, schema learning, memory-linking, and representational drift.
许多研究表明，记忆是通过分布在整个大脑中的稀疏神经集合进行编码的。在编码后的时期，通常在睡眠期间，许多在编码过程中活跃的细胞被重新激活，从而支持了对该记忆的巩固。在记忆回忆期间，许多在编码和巩固过程中活跃的相同细胞在回忆期间被重新激活。这些细胞集合被称为记忆印迹细胞，稳定地代表特定的记忆。然而，最近的研究对“稳定记忆印迹”的刚性提出了质疑。在这里，我们回顾了过去关于情景记忆是如何编码、巩固和回忆的文献。我们还强调了一些最近的研究（以及一些较旧的文献），这些研究表明，这些稳定的记忆及其表示形式比以前想象的要更加动态和灵活。我们强调了其中的一些过程，包括记忆更新、再巩固、遗忘、模式学习、记忆链接和表示漂移。
