Chen Ling-Wei, Loy See Ling, Tint Mya Thway, Michael Navin, Ong Yi Ying, Toh Jia Ying, Gluckman Peter D, Tan Kok Hian, Chong Yap-Seng, Godfrey Keith M, Eriksson Johan G, Yap Fabian, Lee Yung Seng, Chong Mary F F
Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.
Master of Public Health Program, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, No. 17 Xu-Zhou Road, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan.
Pediatr Res. 2024 Sep 19. doi: 10.1038/s41390-024-03574-w.
We investigated the understudied influence of maternal diet quality, food timing, and their interactions during pregnancy on offspring metabolic health.
Maternal diet at 26-28 weeks' gestation was assessed using a 24-h recall and adherence to the modified-healthy-eating-index (HEI-SGP) reflects diet quality. Predominant night-eating (PNE) was defined as consuming >50% of total daily energy intake from 19:00 to 06:59. Outcomes were offspring composite metabolic syndrome score and its components measured at age 6 years. Multivariable linear regressions adjusted for relevant maternal and child covariates assessed associations of diet quality and PNE with these outcomes.
Up to 758 mother-child pairs were included. The mean(SD) maternal HEI-SGP score was 52.3(13.7) points (theoretical range: 0-100) and 15% of the mothers demonstrated PNE. Maternal diet quality showed inverse relationship with offspring Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) [β(95% CI): -0.08(-0.15, -0.02) per-10-point HEI-SGP increment; P = 0.012]. Maternal PNE was associated with a higher offspring HOMA-IR [0.28(0.06, 0.50); P = 0.012], with similar estimates after adjustment for children's BMI and diet quality; the association was stronger for boys (P-interaction<0.001) and among mothers with lower diet quality (<median HEI-SGP) (P-interaction = 0.062).
Maternal PNE and low dietary quality were associated with a higher level of insulin resistance in early childhood, especially among boys.
We demonstrated that maternal predominant night-eating behavior and low-quality diet are associated with higher offspring insulin resistance. Maternal low-quality diet and predominant night-eating behavior synergistically interact to influence offspring insulin resistance, particularly among boys. While maternal diet quality and food timing impact the mother's health, their influence on offspring long-term health outcomes through developmental programming is not well understood. Our findings highlight the significance of maternal food timing and calls for further studies on its influence on child health through developmental programming. Targeting both dietary quality and food timing during pregnancy could be a promising intervention strategy.
我们研究了孕期母亲饮食质量、进食时间及其相互作用对后代代谢健康的影响，而这方面的研究较少。
采用24小时回忆法评估孕26 - 28周时的母亲饮食情况，采用改良健康饮食指数（HEI-SGP）来反映饮食质量。将主要在夜间进食（PNE）定义为19:00至06:59期间摄入的能量占每日总能量摄入量的>50%。研究结果为6岁时测量的后代综合代谢综合征评分及其组成部分。多变量线性回归对相关的母亲和儿童协变量进行了调整，以评估饮食质量和PNE与这些结果之间的关联。
纳入了多达758对母婴。母亲HEI-SGP评分的平均值（标准差）为52.3（13.7）分（理论范围：0 - 100），15%的母亲表现出PNE。母亲的饮食质量与后代胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估（HOMA-IR）呈负相关[β（95%置信区间）：HEI-SGP每增加10分，-0.08（-0.15，-0.02）；P = 0.012]。母亲的PNE与后代较高的HOMA-IR相关[0.28（0.06，0.50）；P = 0.012]，在调整儿童BMI和饮食质量后估计值相似；这种关联在男孩中更强（P交互作用<0.001），在饮食质量较低（<HEI-SGP中位数）的母亲中也更强（P交互作用 = 0.062）。
母亲的PNE和低饮食质量与儿童早期较高水平的胰岛素抵抗有关，尤其是在男孩中。
我们证明了母亲主要在夜间进食的行为和低质量饮食与后代较高的胰岛素抵抗有关。母亲的低质量饮食和主要在夜间进食的行为协同作用，影响后代的胰岛素抵抗，特别是在男孩中。虽然母亲的饮食质量和进食时间会影响母亲的健康，但它们通过发育编程对后代长期健康结果的影响尚不清楚。我们的研究结果突出了母亲进食时间的重要性，并呼吁进一步研究其通过发育编程对儿童健康的影响。在孕期针对饮食质量和进食时间可能是一种有前景的干预策略。
