新冠疫情之前及期间移民拨打全国家庭暴力热线的联系趋势。
Trends in Contacts Made by Immigrants to the National Domestic Violence Hotline, Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
作者信息
Treves-Kagan Sarah, Le Vi D, Berra Liris S, Ray Colleen M, Ruvalcaba Yanet, Wood Leila, D'Angelo Denise V, Vera Tatiana M, Estefan Lianne Fuino
机构信息
Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 2025 Jan-Feb;140(1_suppl):90S-99S. doi: 10.1177/00333549241279101. Epub 2024 Sep 20.
OBJECTIVES
Immigrants in the United States are more likely than nonimmigrants to experience risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) and problems in getting support. The COVID-19 pandemic and recent incidents of xenophobia and anti-immigrant sentiment may have exacerbated exposure to IPV risk factors. We examined immigrant experiences of IPV before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
This study identified changes in characteristics of abuse, services used, referrals, and barriers to services among those who contacted the National Domestic Violence Hotline (NDVH) and identified as immigrants, reported immigration status as a concern, needed immigration support, and/or identified immigration status as a barrier to accessing services (N = 49 817). We used joinpoint regressions to examine whether the rate of change differed significantly from 2016-2019 (before the pandemic) to 2019-2021 (during the pandemic).
RESULTS
The number of immigrant contacts to NDVH peaked in 2017 (n = 9333) and declined 25% to 6946 in 2021. During 2016-2019, the percentage of contacts reporting the following increased significantly: technology-facilitated violence (+12.7 percentage points), economic/financial abuse (+10.8 percentage points), and involvement of firearms (+4.8 percentage points); during 2019-2021, these trends reversed. The percentage of contacts reporting separation or divorce was relatively flat until 2019 and then increased from 14.6% in 2019 to 19.9% in 2021 (+5.2 percentage points). Housing instability increased during 2017-2020 (+9.3 percentage points), but requests for shelters decreased (-4.5 percentage points). Immigration status and personal finances were commonly reported barriers to services; both decreased during 2016-2019 but then increased during 2019-2021.
CONCLUSIONS
This study can inform prevention and response strategies relevant for immigrants experiencing or reporting IPV.
目的
在美国，移民比非移民更有可能经历亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的风险因素以及在获得支持方面存在问题。2019冠状病毒病大流行以及近期的仇外心理和反移民情绪事件可能加剧了对IPV风险因素的暴露。我们研究了2019冠状病毒病大流行之前和期间移民遭受IPV的经历。
方法
本研究确定了那些联系过全国家庭暴力热线（NDVH）并被认定为移民、报告移民身份是一个问题、需要移民支持和/或认定移民身份是获得服务的障碍的人（N = 49817）在虐待特征、使用的服务、转介以及服务障碍方面的变化。我们使用连接点回归来检验2016 - 2019年（大流行之前）到2019 - 2021年（大流行期间）变化率是否有显著差异。
结果
联系NDVH的移民数量在2017年达到峰值（n = 9333），并在2021年下降了25%，降至6946人。在2016 - 2019年期间，报告以下情况的联系比例显著增加：技术助长的暴力（增加12.7个百分点）、经济/财务虐待（增加10.8个百分点）以及涉及枪支（增加4.8个百分点）；在2019 - 2021年期间，这些趋势发生了逆转。报告分居或离婚的联系比例在2019年之前相对平稳，然后从2019年的14.6%增加到2021年的19.9%（增加5.2个百分点）。住房不稳定在2017 - 2020年期间有所增加（增加9.3个百分点），但对庇护所的请求减少了（减少4.5个百分点）。移民身份和个人财务状况是常见的服务障碍；两者在2016 - 2019年期间都有所下降，但在2019 - 2021年期间又有所增加。
结论
本研究可为针对遭受或报告IPV的移民的预防和应对策略提供参考。
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