Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hangzhou Health Supervision Institution), Hangzhou 310021, China.
Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hangzhou Health Supervision Institution), Hangzhou 310021, China.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2025 Jan 2;426:110914. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110914. Epub 2024 Sep 17.
Yersinia enterocolitica is an important foodborne pathogen that can cause a zoonotic disease known as yersiniosis, which causes symptoms such as acute diarrhea, mesenteric adenitis, terminal ileum inflammation, pseudo appendicitis, sepsis, and other complications. The mechanism of biofilm formation in Y. enterocolitica remains poorly understood, with limited research available on this topic. This study systematically examined the distribution characteristics and biofilm formation ability of Y. enterocolitica isolated from poultry and livestock related samples. Analysis of food samples collected indicated significant presence of Y. enterocolitica (207/670, 30.9 %), particularly in frozen duck meat (7/11, 63.6 %). Majority of the isolated strains did not demonstrate biofilm-forming ability (52.7 %), while a notable percentage exhibited moderate (6.8 %) to strong (11.6 %) biofilm-forming ability. Additionally, a significant percentage of strains (16/207, 7.7 %) displayed extremely high optical density/cut-off OD (OD/ODC) ratios (the average OD value of each sample divided by the average OD value of the negative controls of each 96-well plate plus 3 standard deviations) (exceeding 10). Time-course analysis of biofilm formation in 10 isolates revealed three distinct patterns: (i) rapid increase from 6 h to 12 h, with gradual peak between 48 and 72 h followed by a slight decline and stabilization; (ii) little biofilm formation at 24 h with a gradual increase up to 96 h, maintaining this level until 120 h; and (iii) complete absence of biofilm formation throughout the experiment. Subsequent examination of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in planktonic cells and biofilms of two strains with distinct biofilm formation capabilities identified seven metabolic pathways, including ribosome, photosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation, as well as pinene, camphor, and geraniol degradation. Significantly elevated expression levels of genes associated with flagellar assembly, bacterial chemotaxis, and quorum sensing (partially) were observed exclusively in planktonic cells of the selected strain with stronger biofilm-forming ability, implying that the heightened expression of flagellar assembly and bacterial chemotaxis-related genes is an important but not sole determinant of biofilm formation. The study contributes to the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms governing biofilm formation in Y. enterocolitica and may offer valuable insights for the advancement of novel food safety strategies.
肠炎耶尔森菌是一种重要的食源性病原体，可引起一种称为耶尔森菌病的人畜共患病，其症状包括急性腹泻、肠系膜淋巴结炎、回肠末端炎症、假性阑尾炎、败血症和其他并发症。肠炎耶尔森菌生物膜形成的机制仍知之甚少，关于这个主题的研究有限。本研究系统地研究了从家禽和家畜相关样本中分离的肠炎耶尔森菌的分布特征和生物膜形成能力。对收集的食品样本进行分析表明，肠炎耶尔森菌的存在非常显著（207/670，30.9%），特别是在冷冻鸭肉中（7/11，63.6%）。大多数分离株没有表现出生物膜形成能力（52.7%），但有相当比例的菌株表现出中度（6.8%）到强（11.6%）的生物膜形成能力。此外，有显著比例的菌株（16/207，7.7%）表现出极高的光学密度/截止 OD（OD/ODC）比值（每个样本的平均 OD 值除以每个 96 孔板的阴性对照的平均 OD 值加上 3 个标准差）（超过 10）。对 10 个分离株的生物膜形成的时程分析显示出三种不同的模式：（i）从 6 小时到 12 小时快速增加，在 48 到 72 小时之间逐渐达到峰值，然后略有下降并稳定；（ii）在 24 小时时很少形成生物膜，在 96 小时时逐渐增加，直到 120 小时保持这个水平；（iii）整个实验过程中完全没有形成生物膜。随后对具有不同生物膜形成能力的两株菌的浮游细胞和生物膜中的差异表达基因（DEGs）进行检测，发现了 7 条代谢途径，包括核糖体、光合作用、脂肪酸降解、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸降解以及蒎烯、莰烯和香叶醇降解。在所选具有较强生物膜形成能力的菌株的浮游细胞中，仅观察到与鞭毛组装、细菌趋化性和群体感应相关的基因的显著上调表达（部分），这表明鞭毛组装和细菌趋化性相关基因的高表达是生物膜形成的重要但不是唯一决定因素。本研究有助于阐明肠炎耶尔森菌生物膜形成的潜在机制，并可能为新型食品安全策略的发展提供有价值的见解。
