School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Dec 5;480:135894. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135894. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
The widespread occurrence of liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) in the environment has raised concerns about their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT). Here we review the lifecycle of environmental LCMs, focusing on their occurrences, emission sources, human exposure routes, and toxicity. Industrial emissions from Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) manufacturing and e-waste recycling are the primary point sources of LCMs. In addition, emissions from LCD products, air conditioning units, wastewater treatment plants, and landfills contribute to environmental occurrence of LCMs as secondary sources. Dietary routes were identified as the primary exposure pathways to humans. E-waste dismantling workers and infants/children are vulnerable populations to LCMs exposure. Exposure to LCMs has been shown to potentially induce oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and endocrine disruption. Accumulation of LCMs in the brain and liver tissues of exposed animals highlights the need for toxicokinetic studies.
液晶单体 (LCMs) 在环境中的广泛存在引起了人们对其持久性、生物累积性和毒性 (PBT) 的关注。在这里，我们回顾了环境 LCMs 的生命周期，重点关注它们的存在、排放源、人类暴露途径和毒性。来自液晶显示器 (LCD) 制造和电子废物回收的工业排放是 LCMs 的主要点源。此外，LCD 产品、空调机组、污水处理厂和垃圾填埋场的排放也作为二次来源导致了 LCMs 在环境中的出现。饮食途径被确定为人类暴露的主要途径。电子废物拆解工人和婴儿/儿童是易受 LCMs 暴露影响的人群。暴露于 LCMs 可能会引起氧化应激、代谢紊乱和内分泌干扰。暴露动物的大脑和肝脏组织中 LCMs 的积累突出了进行毒代动力学研究的必要性。
