生活方式行为对自我感知工作压力与亚健康状态之间关系的中介作用：一项涉及中国城市劳动者的横断面研究。

The mediating effect of lifestyle behaviors on the relationship between self-perceived work stress and suboptimal health status: a cross-sectional study involving Chinese urban workers.

机构信息

School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Operation Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.

出版信息

Public Health. 2024 Nov;236:396-403. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.024. Epub 2024 Sep 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.07.024

PMID:39303628

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES

Suboptimal health status (SHS) is a third state between health and disease. Long-term being SHS will be detrimental to one's ability development. Previous studies have demonstrated the associations of lifestyle behaviors or work stress with SHS, but few studies have comprehensively analyzed the underlying factors and mechanisms between the three. This study aimed to investigate whether lifestyle behaviors mediated the relationship between self-perceived work stress and SHS.

METHODS

A total of 4238 urban workers, who participated in a cross-sectional survey conducted from December 2018 to October 2019, were included. A general linear model was used to explore the associations between lifestyle behaviors and self-perceived work stress with SHS after adjusting for demographic variables. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the mediation by lifestyle behaviors.

RESULTS

The mean transformed scores of physical, mental, and social SHS were 70.98, 67.17, and 61.72, respectively. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and high self-perceived work stress positively affected SHS (P < 0.001). Self-perceived work stress imposed negative effects on physical SHS (β = -0.228, P < 0.001), mental SHS (β = -0.237, P < 0.001), and social SHS (β = -0.092, P < 0.001). The indirect effects of self-perceived work stress on physical SHS (β = -0.139, 95% CI: -0.178 to -0.106), mental SHS (β = -0.106, 95% CI: -0.134 to -0.082), and social SHS (β = -0.121, 95% CI: -0.154 to -0.092) were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Lifestyle behaviors and self-perceived work stress were significantly associated with SHS among Chinese urban workers. The mediating effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were found in the relationship between high self-perceived work stress and SHS. Future longitudinal research may verify these associations and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

摘要

研究设计

横断面研究。

目的

亚健康状态（SHS）是健康和疾病之间的第三种状态。长期处于亚健康状态会损害一个人的能力发展。先前的研究已经表明生活方式行为或工作压力与 SHS 之间存在关联，但很少有研究全面分析这三个方面之间的潜在因素和机制。本研究旨在探讨生活方式行为是否在自我感知的工作压力与 SHS 之间的关系中起中介作用。

方法

共纳入 2018 年 12 月至 2019 年 10 月参加横断面调查的 4238 名城市工作者。在调整人口统计学变量后，使用一般线性模型探讨生活方式行为和自我感知的工作压力与 SHS 之间的关联。采用结构方程模型检验生活方式行为的中介作用。

结果

身体、心理和社会 SHS 的平均转换得分分别为 70.98、67.17 和 61.72。不健康的生活方式行为和高自我感知的工作压力对 SHS 有正向影响（P<0.001）。自我感知的工作压力对身体 SHS（β=-0.228，P<0.001）、心理 SHS（β=-0.237，P<0.001）和社会 SHS（β=-0.092，P<0.001）有负向影响。自我感知的工作压力对身体 SHS（β=-0.139，95%CI：-0.178 至-0.106）、心理 SHS（β=-0.106，95%CI：-0.134 至-0.082）和社会 SHS（β=-0.121，95%CI：-0.154 至-0.092）的间接效应具有统计学意义。