Department of Biotechnology, Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Selcuklu, 42130, Konya, Turkey.
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Dec 1;362:124978. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124978. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Heavy metals increase in nature due to anthropogenic activities and negatively impact the growth, progress, and efficiency of plants. Among the toxic metal pollutants that can cause dangerous effects when accumulated by plants, mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) were investigated in this study. These metals typically inhibit important enzymes and halt their functioning, thereby adversely affecting the capability of plants to achieve photosynthesis, respiration, and produce quality crops. Acetylcholine (ACh) serves as a potent neurotransmitter present in both primitive and advanced plant species. Its significant involvement in diverse metabolic processes, particularly in regulating growth and adaptation to stress, needs to be further elucidated. For this aim, effects of acetylcholine (ACh1, 10 μM; ACh2, 100 μM) were survey in Triticum aestivum under Hg and/or Cd stress (Hg, 50 μM; Cd, 100 μM). Wheat seedlings exhibited a growth retardation of about 24% under Hg or Cd stress. Combined stress conditions (Cd + Hg) resulted in a decrease in RWC by approximately 16%. Two different doses of ACh treatment to stressed plants positively affected growth parameters and regulated the water relations. Gas exchange was limited in stress groups, and the photochemical quantum competency of PSII (F/F) was suppressed. Cd + ACh1 and Cd + ACh2 treatments resulted in approximately 2-fold and 1.5-fold improvement in stomatal conductance and carbon assimilation rate, respectively. Similarly, improvement was observed with ACh treatments in wheat seedlings under Hg stress. Under Cd and/or Hg stress, high levels of HO accumulated and lipid peroxidation occurred. According to our results, ACh treatment upon Cd and Hg stresses improved the activities of SOD, POX, and APX, thereby reducing oxidative damage. In conclusion, ACh treatment was found to ensure stress tolerance and limit the adverse effects caused by heavy metals.
重金属由于人为活动而在自然界中增加，并对植物的生长、发育和效率产生负面影响。在可能因植物积累而产生危险影响的有毒金属污染物中，本研究调查了汞 (Hg) 和镉 (Cd)。这些金属通常会抑制重要的酶并阻止其功能，从而对植物实现光合作用、呼吸作用和生产优质作物的能力产生不利影响。乙酰胆碱 (ACh) 是存在于原始和高级植物物种中的一种强效神经递质。它在各种代谢过程中，特别是在调节生长和适应压力方面的重要作用，需要进一步阐明。为此，在 Hg 和/或 Cd 胁迫下（Hg，50 μM；Cd，100 μM）调查了乙酰胆碱 (ACh1，10 μM；ACh2，100 μM) 对小麦的影响。在 Hg 或 Cd 胁迫下，小麦幼苗的生长受到约 24%的抑制。在复合胁迫条件（Cd+Hg）下，RWC 下降约 16%。向胁迫植物施予两种不同剂量的 ACh 处理可积极影响生长参数并调节水分关系。胁迫组的气体交换受到限制，PSII 的光化学量子效率（F/F）受到抑制。Cd+ACh1 和 Cd+ACh2 处理分别使气孔导度和碳同化率提高约 2 倍和 1.5 倍。同样，在 Hg 胁迫下，ACh 处理对小麦幼苗也有改善作用。在 Cd 和/或 Hg 胁迫下，HO 积累水平升高，脂质过氧化发生。根据我们的结果，在 Cd 和 Hg 胁迫下，ACh 处理提高了 SOD、POX 和 APX 的活性，从而减少了氧化损伤。总之，ACh 处理被发现可确保植物耐受胁迫并限制重金属造成的不良影响。
