Millar Jocelyn G, Williams Livy, Serrano Jacqueline M, McElrath Thomas C, Zou Yunfan, Grommes-Yeager Anna C, Schoeppner Emma, Huseth Anders S, Kuhar Thomas P, Etzler Frank E, Hanks Lawrence M
Department of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
USDA-ARS U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Charleston, SC, USA.
Environ Entomol. 2024 Dec 16;53(6):973-980. doi: 10.1093/ee/nvae077.
We describe experiments that evaluated potential sex pheromone components for 6 North American click beetle species. In field trials in Illinois, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, male beetles of 6 species were strongly attracted to geranyl butyrate (Agriotes insanus Candèze), 5-methylhexyl (Z)-4-decenoate (Elater abruptus Say), 11-dodecenyl butyrate (Melanotus ignobilis Melsheimer), and limoniic acid (Gambrinus griseus [Palisot de Beauvois], G. rudis [Brown], and G. plebejus [Say]). Collection of E. abruptus in South Carolina represents a new state record. For each species, capture rates varied geographically and temporally, possibly due to differences in local population densities and regional phenology, or the efficiency of different trap designs or trap placement. Structural similarities were observed between the tested attractants and previously identified pheromones of closely related species. For example, males of A. insanus were attracted to geranyl butyrate, analogous to the terpenoid ester pheromones of a number of European congeners. The attractant for E. abruptus, 5-methylhexyl (Z)-4-decenoate, is an analog of the pheromone of its European congener E. ferrugineus L., and the attractant for M. ignobilis, 11-dodecenyl butyrate, is an analog of attractants of European and Asian congeners. Attraction of the 3 Gambrinus species to limoniic acid parallels recent reports of attraction of the congeners G. seminudus (Van Dyke) and G. ursinus (Van Dyke) to this compound, which was originally identified from closely related species of Limonius. Full identifications of additional sex pheromones for elaterid species should provide a more complete picture of the diversities/similarities of the semiochemicals mediating reproductive behaviors of this biologically diverse and taxonomically complex group.
我们描述了评估6种北美叩甲潜在性信息素成分的实验。在伊利诺伊州、南卡罗来纳州、北卡罗来纳州和弗吉尼亚州的田间试验中，6种叩甲的雄虫被丁酸香叶酯（暗黑叩甲）、（Z）-4-癸烯酸5-甲基己酯（突胸叩甲）、丁酸11-十二碳烯酯（暗黑金针叩甲）和柠檬酸（灰黄齿爪叩甲、粗齿爪叩甲和普通齿爪叩甲）强烈吸引。在南卡罗来纳州采集到突胸叩甲代表了一个新的州记录。对于每种叩甲，捕获率在地理和时间上有所不同，这可能是由于当地种群密度和区域物候的差异，或者不同诱捕器设计或诱捕器放置的效率不同。在测试的引诱剂与先前鉴定出的近缘物种的信息素之间观察到结构相似性。例如，暗黑叩甲的雄虫被丁酸香叶酯吸引，这类似于一些欧洲同属物种的萜类酯信息素。突胸叩甲的引诱剂（Z）-4-癸烯酸5-甲基己酯是其欧洲同属物种铁锈色叩甲信息素的类似物，暗黑金针叩甲的引诱剂丁酸11-十二碳烯酯是欧洲和亚洲同属物种引诱剂的类似物。3种齿爪叩甲对柠檬酸的吸引与最近关于同属物种裸齿爪叩甲和熊齿爪叩甲对该化合物吸引的报道相似，该化合物最初是从近缘的光叩甲属物种中鉴定出来的。对叩甲科物种更多性信息素的全面鉴定应该能更完整地呈现介导这一生物多样且分类复杂群体生殖行为的化学生态信号的多样性/相似性。
