State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2024 Oct 1;42(5):609-623. doi: 10.7518/hxkq.2024.2023443.
This study aims to provide craniofacial features and incisor position prediction models among esthetics population after orthodontic treatment.
A total of 338 patients with esthetic profiles were selected from 1 055 post-orthodontic adults based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and scored by five dental students. Mean values of cephalometric measurement were demonstrated with gender and sagittal skeletal pattern (ANB) differences assessed by generalized estimating equation. Correlations among age, skeletal, and soft tissue variables in different genders were determined. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the influence of skeletal and soft tissue variables on orthodontic incisor position.
Within the esthetic cohort after orthodontic treatment, gender differences existed in cranial and mandibular length, mandibular rotation, protrusion of pogonion, inclination of maxillary incisors, upper lip thickness, lower 1/3 face height, and nose protrusion. However, in class Ⅰ malocclusion, the development of the chin showed no significance, whereas the protrusion of the lower lip significantly differed between genders, with less protrusion in males. In males, the protrusion of lip and chin varied among groups, with thinner basic upper lip thickness of class Ⅱ than class Ⅰ and greater lower lip height of class Ⅲ than class Ⅰ. In females, the protrusion and height of the upper lip and chin varied in groups, with thicker basic upper lip thickness of class Ⅲ than class Ⅰ. Upper lip thickness, female basic upper lip thickness, and female lower lip height were correlated with age. The protrusion of the upper lip was mainly correlated with posterior cranial base, mandibular body length, ANB in male and SNA, ANB, sagittal maxillary length, mandibular rotation, and protrusion of pogonion in female. The protrusion of the lower lip in males was mainly correlated with ramus height, mandibular rotation, protrusion of pogonion in male and ANB, mandibular rotation, and protrusion of pogonion in females. After employing skeletal variables to fit dental parameters, optimal results were achieved in male IMPA (adjusted =0.712) and female G Vert-U1 (adjusted =0.795). After employing skeletal and soft tissue variables simultaneously, optimal results were achieved in male and female G Vert-U1, which was mainly influenced by the protrusion of the chin and nasal base in males (adjusted =0.836) and the protrusion of the nasal base as well as ANB in females (adjusted =0.842).
This study demonstrated the craniofacial features of esthetics population after orthodontic treatment and revealed the correlation of gender, age, skeleton, and soft tissues to provide reliable prediction models for aesthetic orthodontic incisor position.
本研究旨在为正畸治疗后的美容人群提供颅面特征和切牙位置预测模型。
根据纳入和排除标准，从 1055 名正畸后的成年人中选择了 338 名具有美容特征的患者，并由五名牙科学生进行评分。通过广义估计方程评估性别和矢状骨骼模式（ANB）差异，显示头影测量的平均值。确定不同性别中年龄、骨骼和软组织变量之间的相关性。使用多元分析评估骨骼和软组织变量对正畸切牙位置的影响。
在正畸治疗后的美容队列中，性别差异存在于颅部和下颌长度、下颌旋转、颏部突出、上颌切牙倾斜、上唇厚度、下面部 1/3 高度和鼻突方面。然而，在安氏Ⅰ类错颌中，颏部的发育没有差异，而男性和女性的下唇突出度有显著差异，男性下唇突出度较小。在男性中，唇颏的突出度因组而异，安氏Ⅱ类组的基本上唇厚度比安氏Ⅰ类组薄，安氏Ⅲ类组的下唇高度比安氏Ⅰ类组大。在女性中，唇颏的突出度和高度因组而异，安氏Ⅲ类组的基本上唇厚度比安氏Ⅰ类组厚。上唇厚度、女性基本上唇厚度和女性下唇高度与年龄相关。上唇突出度主要与颅后基长、下颌体长度、男性的 ANB 以及女性的 SNA、ANB、上颌矢状长度、下颌旋转和颏部突出相关。男性下唇突出度主要与下颌支高度、下颌旋转、颏部突出相关，女性下唇突出度主要与 ANB、下颌旋转和颏部突出相关。在利用骨骼变量拟合牙参数后，男性的 IMPA（调整后=0.712）和女性的 G Vert-U1（调整后=0.795）达到最佳效果。同时利用骨骼和软组织变量后，男性和女性的 G Vert-U1 达到最佳效果，这主要受男性颏部和鼻基的突出度以及女性鼻基和 ANB 的影响（调整后=0.836）。
本研究展示了正畸治疗后美容人群的颅面特征，并揭示了性别、年龄、骨骼和软组织的相关性，为美学正畸切牙位置提供了可靠的预测模型。
