Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, 390 Kent Hall, Kent, OH, 44242-0001, USA.
J Behav Med. 2024 Dec;47(6):1052-1066. doi: 10.1007/s10865-024-00514-1. Epub 2024 Sep 21.
Health mindsets refer to beliefs about the malleability (growth mindset) versus stability (fixed mindset) of physical health and have gained traction as a predictor of health beliefs and behaviors. Across two studies, we tested whether health mindsets were associated with avoiding personalized health risk information. In Study 2, we also tested whether conceptually-related constructs of internal and chance health locus of control, health self-efficacy, fatalism, and genetic determinism were associated with information avoidance. Health mindsets were manipulated in Study 1 (college students, n = 284; 79.58% female; M= 19.74) and measured in Study 2 (participants recruited through MTurk, n = 735; 42.04% female; M= 35.78). In both studies, participants viewed a prediabetes infographic and were informed they could learn their prediabetes risk by completing an online risk calculator. Behavioral obligation was also manipulated in both studies to test whether an additional behavioral requirement associated with learning one's risk would exacerbate any negative impact of health mindsets on avoidance rates. All participants then indicated their interest in learning their prediabetes risk (avoidance intentions) and decided whether to complete the online risk calculator (avoidance behavior). In Study 1, there was no impact of health mindsets, behavioral obligation, or their interaction on avoidance intentions or behavior. Study 2 similarly did not provide consistent evidence for an association of health mindsets, behavioral obligation, or their interaction with avoidance intentions or behavior. However, in Study 2, internal health locus of control was consistently associated with both intentions and behavior. Health information avoidance may be a barrier to prevention and early detection of disease. To encourage individuals to learn potentially important health information, public health interventions might seek to increase people's beliefs that their own actions play a role in their health outcomes. Interventions may also seek to increase people's knowledge about and skills regarding improving their health outcomes, which may influence health locus of control beliefs.
健康心态是指对身体健康的可塑造性（成长心态）与稳定性（固定心态）的信念，它已成为健康信念和行为的预测指标。在两项研究中，我们检验了健康心态是否与避免个人健康风险信息有关。在研究 2 中，我们还检验了与内部和机会健康控制源、健康自我效能感、宿命论和遗传决定论等概念相关的结构是否与信息回避有关。在研究 1 中，健康心态是通过操纵（大学生，n=284；79.58%女性；M=19.74）来测量的，在研究 2 中，是通过 MTurk 招募的参与者（n=735；42.04%女性；M=35.78）来测量的。在两项研究中，参与者都观看了一个糖尿病前期图表，并被告知可以通过完成在线风险计算器来了解自己的糖尿病前期风险。在两项研究中，还操纵了行为义务，以检验与了解自己的风险相关的额外行为要求是否会加剧健康心态对回避率的任何负面影响。所有参与者随后表示他们有兴趣了解自己的糖尿病前期风险（回避意图），并决定是否完成在线风险计算器（回避行为）。在研究 1 中，健康心态、行为义务及其相互作用对回避意图或行为都没有影响。研究 2 同样没有提供一致的证据表明健康心态、行为义务或它们之间的相互作用与回避意图或行为有关。然而，在研究 2 中，内部健康控制源始终与意图和行为都有关。健康信息回避可能是预防和早期发现疾病的障碍。为了鼓励个人了解潜在的重要健康信息，公共卫生干预措施可能会试图增加人们的信念，即自己的行动对自己的健康结果起着作用。干预措施还可能试图增加人们对改善健康结果的知识和技能，这可能会影响健康控制源信念。
