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高通量细胞色素 P450 配体结合测定法的开发。

Development of a high throughput cytochrome P450 ligand-binding assay.

机构信息

Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Departments of Medicinal Chemistry, and Biological Chemistry and the Programs in Chemical Biology and Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.

出版信息

J Biol Chem. 2024 Oct;300(10):107799. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107799. Epub 2024 Sep 19.

Abstract

Human cytochrome P450 enzymes are membrane-embedded monooxygenases responsible for xenobiotic metabolism, steroidogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and vitamin metabolism. Their active sites can accommodate diverse small molecules and understanding these interactions is key to decoding enzymatic functionality and designing drugs. The most common method for characterizing small molecule binding is quantifying absorbance changes that typically occur when ligands enter the active site near the heme iron. Traditionally, such titrations are monitored by a spectrophotometer, requiring significant manual time, protein, and increasing solvents. This assay was adapted for semi-automated high throughput screening, increasing throughput 50-fold while requiring less protein and keeping solvent concentrations constant. This 384-well assay was validated for both type I and II shifts typically observed for substrates and heme-coordinating inhibitors, respectively. This assay was used to screen a library of ∼100 diverse imidazole-containing compounds which can coordinate with the heme iron if compatible with the overall active site. Three human cytochrome P450 enzymes were screened: drug-metabolizing CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 and sterol-metabolizing CYP8B1. Each bound different sets of imidazole compounds with varying K values, providing a unique binding fingerprint. As a final validation, the K values were used to generate pharmacophores to compare to experimental X-ray structures. Applications for the high-throughput assay include the following: 1) facilitating generation of pharmacophores for enzymes where structures are not available, 2) screening to identify ligands for P450 orphans, 3) screening for inhibitors of P450s drug targets, 4) screening potential new drugs to avoid and/or control P450 metabolism, and 5) efficient validation of computational ligand binding predictions.

摘要

人类细胞色素 P450 酶是膜嵌入的单加氧酶,负责外来物代谢、类固醇生成、脂肪酸代谢和维生素代谢。它们的活性部位可以容纳各种小分子,理解这些相互作用是解码酶功能和设计药物的关键。表征小分子结合的最常见方法是量化通常发生在配体进入靠近血红素铁的活性部位时的吸光度变化。传统上,这种滴定是通过分光光度计监测的,需要大量的人工时间、蛋白质和增加的溶剂。该测定法被改编为半自动高通量筛选,在提高 50 倍通量的同时,减少了蛋白质的用量并保持了溶剂浓度的恒定。该 384 孔测定法分别针对底物和血红素配位抑制剂通常观察到的 I 型和 II 型位移进行了验证。该测定法用于筛选约 100 种不同的咪唑化合物文库,如果与整个活性部位兼容,则这些化合物可以与血红素铁配位。筛选了三种人类细胞色素 P450 酶:药物代谢 CYP2A6 和 CYP2D6 以及固醇代谢 CYP8B1。每种酶都与不同的咪唑化合物结合,具有不同的 K 值,提供了独特的结合指纹。作为最终验证,使用 K 值生成药效团以与实验 X 射线结构进行比较。高通量测定的应用包括以下几个方面:1)促进结构不可用的酶的药效团生成,2)筛选以鉴定 P450 孤儿的配体,3)筛选 P450 药物靶点的抑制剂,4)筛选潜在的新药以避免和/或控制 P450 代谢,5)有效验证计算配体结合预测。

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