Banaee Mahdi, Multisanti Cristiana Roberta, Impellitteri Federica, Piccione Giuseppe, Faggio Caterina
Aquaculture Department, Faculty of Natural Resources and the Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Giovanni Palatucci snc, 98168 Messina, Italy.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2025 Jan;287:110042. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110042. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
The increase in plastic debris and its environmental impact has been a major concern for scientists. Physical destruction, chemical reactions, and microbial activity can degrade plastic waste into particles smaller than 5 mm, known as microplastics (MPs). MPs may eventually enter aquatic ecosystems through surface runoff. The accumulation of MPs in aquatic environments poses a potential threat to finfish, shellfish, and the ecological balance. This study investigated the effect of MP exposure on freshwater and marine fish. MPs could cause significant harm to fish, including physical damage, death, inflammation, oxidative stress, disruption of cell signalling and cellular biochemical processes, immune system suppression, genetic damage, and reduction in fish growth and reproduction rates. The activation of the detoxification system of fish exposed to MPs may be associated with the toxicity of MPs and chemical additives to plastic polymers. Furthermore, MPs can enhance the bioavailability of other xenobiotics, allowing these harmful substances to more easily enter and accumulate in fish. Accumulation of MPs and associated chemicals in fish can have adverse effects on the fish and humans who consume them, with these toxic substances magnifying as they move up the food chain. Changes in migration and reproduction patterns and disruptions in predator-prey relationships in fish exposed to MPs can significantly affect ecological dynamics. These interconnected changes can lead to cascading effects throughout aquatic ecosystems. Thus, implementing solutions like reducing plastic production, enhancing recycling efforts, using biodegradable materials, and improving waste management is essential to minimize plastic waste and its environmental impact.
塑料垃圾的增加及其对环境的影响一直是科学家们主要关注的问题。物理破坏、化学反应和微生物活动可将塑料废物降解为小于5毫米的颗粒，即微塑料（MPs）。微塑料最终可能通过地表径流进入水生生态系统。微塑料在水生环境中的积累对有鳍鱼类、贝类和生态平衡构成了潜在威胁。本研究调查了微塑料暴露对淡水鱼和海水鱼的影响。微塑料会对鱼类造成重大伤害，包括身体损伤、死亡、炎症、氧化应激、细胞信号传导和细胞生化过程的破坏、免疫系统抑制、基因损伤以及鱼类生长和繁殖率降低。暴露于微塑料的鱼类解毒系统的激活可能与微塑料和塑料聚合物中的化学添加剂的毒性有关。此外，微塑料可以提高其他外来生物的生物利用度，使这些有害物质更容易进入并在鱼类中积累。微塑料和相关化学物质在鱼类中的积累会对食用它们的鱼类和人类产生不利影响，这些有毒物质会随着它们在食物链中的上升而放大。暴露于微塑料的鱼类的洄游和繁殖模式的变化以及捕食者与猎物关系的破坏会显著影响生态动态。这些相互关联的变化会导致整个水生生态系统产生连锁反应。因此，实施减少塑料生产、加强回收利用、使用可生物降解材料和改善废物管理等解决方案对于最大限度地减少塑料废物及其对环境的影响至关重要。
