Precision medicine focus on the central nervous system: Non-invasive therapeutic agent delivery with focused ultrasound and microbubbles.

Focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubble (MB) treatment is a promising strategy capable of accurately delivering molecular medicines and gene therapy to treat various disease states. The rapid progression and use of FUS technology, from its inception to applications in contemporary medicine, exemplifies the significance and expanding potential of this technology. FUS for drug delivery in the brain can overcome challenging obstacles posed by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Both FUS and magnetic resonance imaging-guided FUS are non-invasive techniques for effectively opening the BBB and enhancing the transportation of molecular medicines and imaging agents into the brain. By integrating MBs into this process, it is possible to disrupt the BBB, facilitating delivery of therapeutic compounds including neuropeptides, proteins, antibodies, chemotherapeutic drugs and recently viruses accurately into the CNS. The safety and versatility of ultrasound makes it an attractive approach for administering molecular medicines, with potential applications extending beyond neurological disorders to include cancer treatment and other medical fields. Preclinical and clinical studies confirm that FUS is safe and efficient in enhancing drug administration, particularly where delivery to a precise location in the CNS is required. Combination therapies that utilize FUS and MBs also provide synergistic responses in cancer therapy. Further refining FUS and MB approaches both from a mechanical and reagent perspective will be forthcoming in the future and prove valuable in precisely defining targets and broadening therapeutic applications. Continued development and applications of FUS and MB technologies will improve therapeutic outcomes and advance patient care in multiple diseases states. This will elevate FUS and MBs from infrequently used medical options to mainstream medical applications.