School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Pharmacy University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Department of Pharmacology, GITAM School of Pharmacy, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2024 Dec;87(23):911-933. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2394586. Epub 2024 Sep 22.
(MD) bark is commonly utilized in traditional medicine for diabetes prevention and treatment. The bark extract of MD is rich in prenyl or farnesyl flavonoids and stilbenes, which possess antioxidant properties. Although data suggest the potential therapeutic benefits of the use of MD in treating diabetic nephropathy (DN), the precise mechanisms underlying MD-initiated protective effects against DN are not well understood. This study aimed to assess the renoprotective properties of MD extract by examining renofibrosis inhibition, oxidative stress, and inflammation utilizing streptozotocin-induced DN male Sprague - Dawley rats. Diabetic rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. After 6 days, these rats were orally administered MD extract (200 mg/kg/day) or metformin (200 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. The administration of MD extract significantly lowered blood glucose levels, restored body weight, and reduced urine levels of various biomarkers associated with kidney functions. Histopathological analysis revealed protective effects in both kidneys and pancreas. Further, MD extract significantly restored abnormalities in advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress biomarkers, and proinflammatory cytokine levels in STZ-treated rats. MD extract markedly reduced renal fibrosis biomarker levels, indicating recovery from renal injury, and reversed dysregulation of sirtuins and claudin-1 in the kidneys of rats with STZ-induced diabetes. In conclusion, data demonstrated the renoprotective role of MD extract, indicating plant extract's ability to suppress oxidative stress and regulate proinflammatory pathways during pathological changes in diabetic nephropathy.
（MD）树皮在传统医学中常用于预防和治疗糖尿病。MD 的树皮提取物富含prenyl 或 farnesyl 类黄酮和芪类化合物，具有抗氧化特性。虽然有数据表明使用 MD 治疗糖尿病肾病（DN）具有潜在的治疗益处，但 MD 引发的对 DN 的保护作用的确切机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在通过研究抑制肾纤维化、氧化应激和炎症，评估 MD 提取物的肾保护特性，利用链脲佐菌素诱导的 DN 雄性 Sprague - Dawley 大鼠进行实验。糖尿病大鼠通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导糖尿病。6 天后，这些大鼠口服给予 MD 提取物（200mg/kg/天）或二甲双胍（200mg/kg/天）14 天。MD 提取物的给药显著降低了血糖水平，恢复了体重，并降低了与肾功能相关的各种生物标志物的尿液水平。组织病理学分析显示对肾脏和胰腺均有保护作用。此外，MD 提取物显著恢复了 STZ 处理大鼠中晚期糖基化终产物、氧化应激生物标志物和促炎细胞因子水平的异常。MD 提取物显著降低了肾纤维化生物标志物的水平，表明肾脏损伤得到恢复，并逆转了 STZ 诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾脏中 sirtuins 和 Claudin-1 的失调。总之，数据表明 MD 提取物具有肾保护作用，表明植物提取物在糖尿病肾病的病理变化过程中具有抑制氧化应激和调节促炎途径的能力。
