Depletion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in LP-BM5 murine retroviral infection has a positive impact on virus-induced host immunodeficiency.

We have shown the induction of CD11bLy6C monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) during infection of B6 mice by LP-BM5 immunodeficiency-inducing retrovirus. We published that the molecular mechanisms of these M-MDSCs vary, and depend on the cell type targeted by the suppression -defined by use of biochemical inhibitors, mouse M-MDSCs knock-out strains and blocking antibodies. These M-MDSCs suppressed proliferation and function of T cells, via nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide; and that of B cells, ∼50% via INOS/NO along with the negative checkpoint regulator VISTA, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, and other soluble mediators. Here, LP-BM5 infected mice were treated weekly with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), resulting in depletion of peripheral blood and splenic M-MDSCs, reduced MDSC activity, and significantly decreased standard disease parameters of: splenomegaly, impaired B-and T-cell ex vivo polyclonal responses, and viral load. In addition, 5-FU treatment significantly increased percentages of CD4 and CD8 T cells.