School of Nursing, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Goergen Institute for Data Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.
Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, United States.
J Nutr. 2024 Nov;154(11):3246-3254. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.09.016. Epub 2024 Sep 21.
Growing evidence supports changes in the gastrointestinal microbiome over the course of pregnancy may have an impact on the short- and long-term health of both the mother and the child.
Our objective was to explore the association of diet quality, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), with the composition and gene ontology (GO) representation of microbial function in the maternal gastrointestinal microbiome during pregnancy.
We conducted a retrospective, observational analysis of n = 185 pregnant participants in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study. Maternal dietary intake was assessed in the first trimester using the automated self-administered 24-h recall method, from which the HEI 2015 was calculated. Rectal swabs were obtained in the second trimester and sequenced using the NovaSeq 6000 system shotgun platform. We used unsupervised clustering to identify microbial enterotypes representative of maternal taxa and GO functional term composition. Multivariable linear models were used to identify associations between taxa, functional terms, and food components while controlling for relevant covariates. Multinomial regression was then used to predict enterotype membership based on a participant's HEI food component score.
Those in the high diet quality tertile had a lower early pregnancy BMI [mean (M) = 23.48 kg/m, SD = 3.38] compared with the middle (M = 27.35, SD = 6.01) and low (M = 27.49, SD = 6.99) diet quality tertiles (P < 0.01). There were no statistically significant associations between the HEI components or the total HEI score and the 4 alpha diversity measures. Differences in taxa and GO term enterotypes were found in participants with, but not limited to, a higher saturated fat component score (β = 1.35, P = 0.01), added sugar HEI component (β = 0.07, P < 0.001), and higher total dairy score (β = 1.58, P = 0.01).
Specific dietary components are associated with microbial composition and function in the second trimester of pregnancy. These findings provide a foundation for future testable hypotheses.
越来越多的证据表明，孕妇的胃肠道微生物组在孕期发生变化，可能会对母婴的短期和长期健康产生影响。
我们旨在探讨饮食质量（通过健康饮食指数（HEI）衡量）与孕妇胃肠道微生物组的组成和基因本体论（GO）功能代表之间的关联。
我们对妊娠饮食属性研究中的 185 名孕妇进行了回顾性、观察性分析。在妊娠早期使用自动自我管理的 24 小时回忆方法评估了母体饮食摄入，从该方法中计算出了 HEI 2015。在妊娠中期获得直肠拭子，并使用 NovaSeq 6000 系统 shotgun 平台进行测序。我们使用无监督聚类来识别代表母体分类群和 GO 功能术语组成的微生物肠型。使用多变量线性模型控制相关协变量后，鉴定分类群、功能术语和食物成分之间的关联。然后使用多项回归基于参与者的 HEI 食物成分得分预测肠型成员身份。
那些处于高饮食质量三分位的人在早期妊娠 BMI 较低[平均值（M）= 23.48 kg/m，标准差（SD）= 3.38]，与中（M = 27.35，SD = 6.01）和低（M = 27.49，SD = 6.99）饮食质量三分位（P < 0.01）。HEI 成分或总 HEI 评分与 4 种 alpha 多样性测量值之间没有统计学上的显著关联。在具有但不限于更高饱和脂肪成分评分（β= 1.35，P = 0.01）、添加糖 HEI 成分（β= 0.07，P < 0.001）和更高总乳制品评分（β= 1.58，P = 0.01）的参与者中发现了分类群和 GO 术语肠型的差异。
特定的饮食成分与妊娠中期的微生物组成和功能有关。这些发现为未来可检验的假设提供了基础。
