U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Science Center, Mounds View, Minnesota, USA.
U.S. National Park Service Water Resources Division, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2024 Dec 1;362:125006. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125006. Epub 2024 Sep 21.
Surface water samples were collected from 264 sites across 46 U.S national parks during the period of 2009-2019. The number of sites within each park ranged from 1 to 31 and the number of samples collected within each park ranged from 1 to 201. Samples were analyzed for up to 340 trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and various contaminants indicative of anthropogenic influence (e.g., fragrances, surfactants, flame retardants). A total of 155 TrOCs was detected in at least one sample with concentrations ranging from the reporting level of 10 ng/L (multiple contaminants) to 11,900 ng/L (p-cresol). Except for bisphenol A, DEET, theobromine, and gabapentin, TrOCs were detected in <20% of samples. Despite the relatively low detection frequencies, when TrOCs were detected, concentrations were similar to those reported from other regional or national studies. We compared detected concentrations to bioactivity concentrations and water quality benchmarks, when available, to identify occurrences of elevated concentrations and to estimate the potential for biological effects to aquatic biota. Elevated concentrations of 27 TrOCs, mostly pesticides, were detected throughout the study. To gain insight regarding potential sources, we related watershed characteristics (e.g., land cover, presence of point sources) to the number of TrOCs detected at each site. We found that the presence of wastewater treatment plants and the proportion of the watershed classified as agricultural land were the most influential variables for describing the number of pharmaceuticals and the number of pesticides present, respectively. This study represents the largest-scale study characterizing the presence and magnitude of TrOCs in U.S. national park surface waters, to date. These data provide a baseline that can be used to inform future monitoring within the parks and to assess changes in water quality.
在 2009 年至 2019 年期间，从美国 46 个国家公园的 264 个地点采集了地表水样本。每个公园内的采样点数量从 1 到 31 不等，每个公园内采集的样本数量从 1 到 201 不等。对这些样本进行了多达 340 种痕量有机污染物（TrOCs）的分析，包括药品、个人护理产品、农药以及各种指示人为影响的污染物（例如，香料、表面活性剂、阻燃剂）。在至少一个样本中检测到了 155 种 TrOCs，浓度范围从 10ng/L（多种污染物）到 11900ng/L（对甲酚）。除了双酚 A、DEET、可可碱和加巴喷丁外，TrOCs 在<20%的样本中被检测到。尽管检测频率相对较低，但当 TrOCs 被检测到时，其浓度与其他地区或国家研究报告的浓度相似。我们将检测到的浓度与生物活性浓度和水质基准进行了比较，当有可用数据时，以确定是否存在浓度升高的情况，并估计这些浓度升高对水生生物群的潜在影响。在整个研究过程中，检测到 27 种 TrOCs 浓度升高，这些 TrOCs 主要是农药。为了深入了解潜在的污染源，我们将流域特征（例如，土地覆盖、点源存在）与每个采样点检测到的 TrOCs 数量联系起来。我们发现，污水处理厂的存在以及被归类为农业用地的流域比例是描述存在的药品数量和农药数量的最具影响力的变量。本研究代表了迄今为止对美国国家公园地表水痕量有机污染物的存在和程度进行的最大规模研究。这些数据为公园内未来的监测提供了基线，并可用于评估水质变化。
