Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Department of Anatomy, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Sep 6;15:1454142. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1454142. eCollection 2024.
As the body's defense mechanism against damage and infection, the inflammatory response is a pathological process that involves a range of inflammatory cells and cytokines. A healthy inflammatory response helps the body repair by eliminating dangerous irritants. However, tissue fibrosis can result from an overly intense or protracted inflammatory response. The anti-aging gene Klotho suppresses oxidation, delays aging, and fosters development of various organs. Numerous investigations conducted in the last few years have discovered that Klotho expression is changed in a variety of clinical diseases and is strongly linked to the course and outcome of a disease. Klotho functions as a co-receptor for FGF and as a humoral factor that mediates intracellular signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), toll-like receptors (TLRs), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), renin -angiotensin system (RAS), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). It also interferes with the phenotype and function of inflammatory cells, such as monocytes, macrophages, T cells, and B cells. Additionally, it regulates the production of inflammatory factors. This article aims to examine Klotho's scientific advances in terms of tissue fibrosis and the inflammatory response in order to provide novel therapy concepts for fibrotic and inflammatory disorders.
作为机体对抗损伤和感染的防御机制，炎症反应是一个涉及多种炎症细胞和细胞因子的病理过程。健康的炎症反应有助于通过消除危险的刺激物来帮助身体修复。然而，过度强烈或持续的炎症反应可导致组织纤维化。抗衰老基因 Klotho 可抑制氧化、延缓衰老，并促进各种器官的发育。过去几年进行的大量研究发现，Klotho 在多种临床疾病中的表达发生改变，并且与疾病的过程和结局密切相关。Klotho 作为 FGF 的共受体和介导细胞内信号通路（如转化生长因子 β (TGF-β)、 toll 样受体 (TLRs)、核因子-κB (NF-κB)、肾素-血管紧张素系统 (RAS)和丝裂原激活蛋白激酶 (MAPK)）的体液因子发挥作用。它还可以干扰炎症细胞（如单核细胞、巨噬细胞、T 细胞和 B 细胞）的表型和功能。此外，它还调节炎症因子的产生。本文旨在探讨 Klotho 在组织纤维化和炎症反应方面的科学进展，以期为纤维化和炎症性疾病提供新的治疗概念。
