Martins C J A P, Cooke R, Liske J, Murphy M T, Noterdaeme P, Schmidt T M, Alcaniz J S, Alves C S, Balashev S, Cristiani S, Di Marcantonio P, Génova Santos R, Gonçalves R S, González Hernández J I, Maiolino R, Marconi A, Marques C M J, Melo E Sousa M A F, Nunes N J, Origlia L, Péroux C, Vinzl S, Zanutta A
Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal.
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal.
Exp Astron (Dordr). 2024;57(1):5. doi: 10.1007/s10686-024-09928-w. Epub 2024 Feb 26.
State-of-the-art 19th century spectroscopy led to the discovery of quantum mechanics, and 20th century spectroscopy led to the confirmation of quantum electrodynamics. State-of-the-art 21st century astrophysical spectrographs, especially ANDES at ESO's ELT, have another opportunity to play a key role in the search for, and characterization of, the new physics which is known to be out there, waiting to be discovered. We rely on detailed simulations and forecast techniques to discuss four important examples of this point: big bang nucleosynthesis, the evolution of the cosmic microwave background temperature, tests of the universality of physical laws, and a real-time model-independent mapping of the expansion history of the universe (also known as the redshift drift). The last two are among the flagship science drivers for the ELT. We also highlight what is required for the ESO community to be able to play a meaningful role in 2030s fundamental cosmology and show that, even if ANDES only provides null results, such 'minimum guaranteed science' will be in the form of constraints on key cosmological paradigms: these are independent from, and can be competitive with, those obtained from traditional cosmological probes.
19世纪的先进光谱学促成了量子力学的发现，20世纪的光谱学则证实了量子电动力学。21世纪的先进天体物理光谱仪，特别是欧洲南方天文台甚大望远镜上的高精度系外行星猎手光谱仪（ANDES），有机会在寻找和描述已知存在但有待发现的新物理方面再次发挥关键作用。我们依靠详细的模拟和预测技术来讨论这方面的四个重要例子：大爆炸核合成、宇宙微波背景温度的演化、物理定律普适性的检验，以及宇宙膨胀历史的实时、与模型无关的映射（也称为红移漂移）。后两者是甚大望远镜的旗舰科学目标。我们还强调了欧洲南方天文台社区要在2030年代的基础宇宙学中发挥有意义的作用需要具备什么条件，并表明，即使ANDES只给出零结果，这种“最低保证科学”也将以对关键宇宙学范式的限制形式出现：这些限制独立于传统宇宙学探测器获得的限制，并且可能与之竞争。
