Hassani Sara, Gorelick Philip B
Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, USA.
Davee Department of Neurology, Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Simpson Querrey Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 North St. Clair Street, 19th Floor, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
Cereb Circ Cogn Behav. 2024 Sep 2;7:100367. doi: 10.1016/j.cccb.2024.100367. eCollection 2024.
Observational research studies serve as the cornerstone for gathering evidence on risk factors and contributors to cognitive decline and impairment. The evidence can then be combined with data from preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials to ultimately inform the development of effective interventions and the content of guidance statements. Observational cohort designs on modifiable risk factors and brain health can be particularly beneficial for studying questions that are unethical or impractical for a clinical trial setting, associations with dementia which may develop over decades, and underrepresented populations typically not included in clinical trials. This chapter will review the major observational, epidemiologic studies pertaining to the traditional vascular risk factors - hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and physical inactivity - and how they may impact brain health.
观察性研究是收集认知衰退和损伤的风险因素及促成因素证据的基石。然后，这些证据可与临床前研究和随机对照试验的数据相结合，最终为有效干预措施的制定和指导声明的内容提供依据。针对可改变的风险因素和大脑健康的观察性队列设计，对于研究在临床试验环境中不道德或不切实际的问题、与可能在数十年内发展的痴呆症的关联，以及通常未纳入临床试验的代表性不足的人群，可能特别有益。本章将回顾与传统血管危险因素——高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症、吸烟和身体活动不足——相关的主要观察性流行病学研究，以及它们如何影响大脑健康。
