Suminar Dian Ratna, Pribadi Cinantya Zahrina, Fitriana Qonita Rahmah, Andrijanto Eko, Permana Muhamad Diki, Eddy Diana Rakhmawaty, Rahayu Iman
Department of Chemistry, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Bandung Barat, 40559, Indonesia.
Heliyon. 2024 Sep 10;10(18):e37687. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37687. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.
Alkyl levulinate is a biomass-based chemical compound used as a fuel additive. This research aims to produce ethyl levulinate from levulinic acid and ethanol using esterification with the assistance of a heterogeneous sulfonated carbon catalyst. The carbon sulfonate catalyst is obtained from corncob waste that has undergone carbonization at 300 °C and sulfonation using sulfuric acid at a temperature of 150 °C for 8 h. The catalyst is used for esterification with predetermined operating variables using Box-Behnken Design (BBD) on the response surface methodology (RSM). The result shows significant variables for ethyl levulinate esterification are catalyst loading and esterification time. The FTIR analysis indicates the presence of S=O bonds in the sulfonated carbon catalyst. The XRD and SEM analysis shows that the sulfonated carbon catalyst is in amorphous and mesoporous form. Catalyst reusability demonstrates that the corncob-derived carbon sulfonate catalyst can be used up to 3 times. The optimum condition for esterification is 9 h of reaction, 10 % catalyst loading, and a molar ratio of levulinic acid to ethanol of 1:10, which has 83.15 % conversion. These results present the optimum parameter conditions for an efficient heterogeneous catalyst from corncob for producing ethyl levulinate.
乙酰丙酸乙酯是一种用作燃料添加剂的生物质基化合物。本研究旨在以非均相磺化碳催化剂为助剂，通过乙酰丙酸和乙醇的酯化反应制备乙酰丙酸乙酯。该碳磺酸催化剂由玉米芯废料制得，先在300℃下进行碳化，然后在150℃下用硫酸磺化8小时。使用响应面法（RSM）中的Box-Behnken设计（BBD），将该催化剂用于具有预定操作变量的酯化反应。结果表明，对乙酰丙酸乙酯酯化反应有显著影响的变量是催化剂负载量和酯化时间。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明磺化碳催化剂中存在S=O键。X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析表明，磺化碳催化剂为无定形且具有介孔结构。催化剂的可重复使用性表明，玉米芯衍生的碳磺酸催化剂可重复使用多达3次。酯化反应的最佳条件为反应9小时、催化剂负载量10%、乙酰丙酸与乙醇的摩尔比为1:10，此时转化率为83.15%。这些结果给出了使用玉米芯制备高效非均相催化剂生产乙酰丙酸乙酯的最佳参数条件。
