Diesing Dominik, Neu Peter
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Deutschland.
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Jüdisches Krankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2025 May;96(3):284-289. doi: 10.1007/s00115-024-01736-z. Epub 2024 Sep 23.
The increasing popularity of nitrous oxide (NO) as a recreational drug raises questions about its potential for dependency. This narrative review examines the dependency risk of NO using the ICD-10 criteria for substance use disorders and evaluates the current literature.
A comprehensive literature search until April 2024 was conducted to identify publications addressing NO consumption in the context of dependency criteria. The results were analyzed based on the ICD-10 criteria.
Studies showed mixed results regarding craving and loss of control among NO users. There is evidence of neglect of other interests and potential tolerance development, while data on withdrawal symptoms are limited. Persistent consumption despite harmful consequences has been described but objective diagnostic methods to determine consumption intensity are lacking.
The data on the dependency potential of NO are inconsistent. The discussion on its classification as an addictive substance remains controversial; however, the clinical indications suggest a possible risk of dependency, especially with excessive consumption.
Nitrous oxide is currently primarily regarded as a substance of abuse with the potential to foster psychological dependence, manifesting particularly through loss of control and neglect; however, the criteria for physical dependence, such as the occurrence of withdrawal syndromes and the development of tolerance, have not yet been convincingly documented. Further research is needed to better understand the dependency potential of NO and develop appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures.
一氧化二氮（NO）作为一种消遣性药物越来越受欢迎，这引发了关于其成瘾可能性的问题。本叙述性综述使用国际疾病分类第10版（ICD - 10）的物质使用障碍标准来研究NO的成瘾风险，并评估当前的文献。
进行了全面的文献检索，直至2024年4月，以确定在成瘾标准背景下涉及NO使用的出版物。根据ICD - 10标准对结果进行分析。
研究表明，NO使用者在渴望和失控方面的结果不一。有证据表明存在对其他兴趣的忽视以及潜在的耐受性发展，而关于戒断症状的数据有限。尽管有有害后果仍持续使用的情况已有描述，但缺乏确定使用强度的客观诊断方法。
关于NO成瘾潜力的数据并不一致。关于将其归类为成瘾物质的讨论仍存在争议；然而，临床迹象表明存在成瘾的可能风险，尤其是过度使用时。
一氧化二氮目前主要被视为一种具有导致心理依赖潜力的滥用物质，尤其表现为失控和忽视；然而，身体依赖的标准，如戒断综合征的出现和耐受性的发展，尚未得到令人信服的记录。需要进一步研究以更好地了解NO的成瘾潜力并制定适当的预防和治疗措施。
