School of Agriculture, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Mid-Road, Zhifu District, Yantai City, Shandong Province, 264025, China.
Arch Microbiol. 2024 Sep 23;206(10):412. doi: 10.1007/s00203-024-04141-x.
The reproductive mode of morels (Morchella spp.) is governed by mating type genes, specifically MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. This study investigated the presence of mating type genes at various growth stages and in different parts of cultivated Morchella sextelata. This study revealed significant fluctuations in the detection ratio of the two mating type genes during ascocarps growth. Single ascospore strains with MAT1-1, MAT1-2 and both mating types were selected for experimentations. Stress stimuli including HO, Congo red and NaCl were introduced into the medium. Differences in the cultural and physiological characteristics of single spore strains were analyzed, and mating type genes were identified after subculturing to assess their stability. The results indicated that a total of 297 samples with a single mating type gene were detected in 480 samples selected from the five stages of fruiting body growth, accounting for 61.9%. Stress exposure influenced colony morphology, mycelial growth rate, and biomass, leading to significant increases in malondialdehyde content and osmotic adjustment compounds, including soluble protein and proline. Physiological and biochemical parameters varied among the three mating type strains under different stress conditions. Principal component analysis was used to calculate the weight values, which showed that the MAT1-2 strain exhibited the highest tolerance to chemical stresses, particularly oxidative stress. Subculturing under stress revealed that single mating type strains ceased growth by the 8th generation, whereas both mating type strains could continue to the 15th generation without loss of mating type genes, indicating broader environmental adaptability and higher viability. These findings offer novel insights into mating type gene function and serve as a scientific foundation for the development of high-yield, stress-resistant morel varieties.
羊肚菌（Morchella spp.）的繁殖模式受交配型基因调控，特别是 MAT1-1 和 MAT1-2。本研究调查了不同生长阶段和不同部位栽培羊肚菌 M. sextelata 中交配型基因的存在情况。本研究揭示了在子实体生长过程中，两个交配型基因的检测比率存在显著波动。选择具有 MAT1-1、MAT1-2 和两种交配型的单个担孢子菌株进行实验。向培养基中引入 HO、刚果红和 NaCl 等应激刺激。分析了单孢菌株的培养和生理特性差异，经继代培养后鉴定其交配型基因，以评估其稳定性。结果表明，在从子实体生长的五个阶段中选择的 480 个样本中，共检测到 297 个具有单个交配型基因的样本，占 61.9%。应激暴露会影响菌落形态、菌丝生长速度和生物量，导致丙二醛含量和渗透调节化合物（包括可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸）显著增加。在不同应激条件下，三种交配型菌株的生理生化参数存在差异。主成分分析计算权重值表明，MAT1-2 菌株对化学应激具有最高的耐受性，特别是对氧化应激。在应激条件下继代培养表明，单交配型菌株在第 8 代停止生长，而两种交配型菌株可以在不失去交配型基因的情况下继续繁殖到第 15 代，表明它们具有更广泛的环境适应性和更高的生存能力。这些发现为交配型基因功能提供了新的见解，并为开发高产、抗应激羊肚菌品种提供了科学基础。
