Tefera Temesgen, Alemu Tsegaye, Alano Abraham
Department of Public Health, Yanet-Liyana College of Health Sciences, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Environmental and Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
Environ Health Insights. 2024 Sep 20;18:11786302241282378. doi: 10.1177/11786302241282378. eCollection 2024.
Basic sanitation services and practices are crucial for the well-being and health of a community. However, little is known about the determinants of basic sanitation services in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area.
To identify the determinants of basic sanitation service coverage among households in the Shashogo district, Hadiya Zone, and Central Ethiopia in 2023.
A case-control investigation was carried out in households in Shashogo District from August 8, 2023, to December 10, 2023. Ten Kebeles were chosen randomly from a total of 34 Kebeles in the district. A total of 579 households (193 cases and 386 controls) were included in the study. The data were gathered with pretested and structured questionnaires in digital form with a smartphone. The data were analyzed with SPSS. Independent tests and regression models were used to determine predictors of basic sanitation services.
The mean (±SD) age of the study participants was 38.2 (±8.9) years. After controlling for confounders in the multivariate analysis, the adoption of improved latrine services among households was found to be associated with greater average monthly income (AOR = 1.841, 95% CI (1.043, 3.251)), the study respondents who had access to the necessary materials for latrine construction/upgrade were approximately 3.5 times more likely to adopt improved latrine services among households with (AOR = 3.477 (95% CI = 1.314, 9.202) than among those who lacked access to the necessary materials for latrine construction, the study respondents who had training in sanitation and hygiene (AOR = 4.744, 95% CI (2.984, 7.542)) and who had sufficient knowledge about the adoption of improved latrine services (AOR = 2.020, 95% CI (1.125, 3.628)) were found to be determinants of the adoption of improved latrine services among households.
This study revealed that economics, knowledge, attitudes and practices, infrastructure, and culture were identified as determinants of the adoption of improved latrines in the study area. Poor sanitation significantly impacts economic, social, environmental and many other direct and indirect impacts on the well-being of citizens. Therefore, policies on sanitation and contextual initiatives and focused actions are needed by stakeholders and policy implementers to improve knowledge gaps, access to necessary materials and the income capacity of those lagging to adopt services.
基本卫生设施服务和实践对社区的福祉和健康至关重要。然而，对于埃塞俄比亚基本卫生设施服务的决定因素，尤其是在研究区域，人们了解甚少。
确定2023年埃塞俄比亚中部哈迪亚地区沙绍戈区家庭基本卫生设施服务覆盖的决定因素。
2023年8月8日至2023年12月10日在沙绍戈区的家庭中进行了一项病例对照调查。从该地区总共34个 Kebeles 中随机选择了10个 Kebeles。该研究共纳入了579户家庭（193例病例和386例对照）。数据通过预先测试且结构化的数字问卷，使用智能手机收集。数据用SPSS进行分析。独立检验和回归模型用于确定基本卫生设施服务的预测因素。
研究参与者的平均（±标准差）年龄为38.2（±8.9）岁。在多变量分析中控制混杂因素后，发现家庭采用改良厕所服务与更高的平均月收入相关（调整后比值比[AOR]=1.841，95%置信区间[CI](1.043, 3.251)），能够获得厕所建造/升级所需材料的研究受访者采用改良厕所服务的可能性比那些无法获得厕所建造所需材料的受访者高约3.5倍（AOR = 3.477(95% CI = 1.314, 9.202)），接受过环境卫生和个人卫生培训的研究受访者（AOR = 4.744，95% CI(2.984, 7.542)）以及对采用改良厕所服务有足够了解的受访者（AOR = 2.020，95% CI(1.125, 3.628)）被发现是家庭采用改良厕所服务的决定因素。
本研究表明，经济、知识、态度和实践、基础设施以及文化被确定为研究区域采用改良厕所的决定因素。卫生条件差对经济、社会、环境以及公民福祉产生许多其他直接和间接影响。因此，利益相关者和政策实施者需要制定关于卫生设施的政策、因地制宜的举措和针对性行动，以改善知识差距、获取必要材料的机会以及那些在采用服务方面落后者的收入能力。
