Arabzadeh Nosratabad Neda, Yan Qiangu, Cai Zhiyong, Wan Caixia
Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, 1406 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
Forest Products Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI, 53726-2398, USA.
Heliyon. 2024 Aug 29;10(18):e37123. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37123. eCollection 2024 Sep 30.
Environmental pollution, particularly from heavy metals and toxic elements, poses a significant threat to both human health and ecological systems. While various remediation technologies exist, there is an urgent need for cost-effective and sustainable solutions. Biochar, a carbon-rich product derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter, has emerged as a promising material for environmental remediation. However, its pristine form has limitations, such as low adsorption capacities, a relatively narrow range of pH adaptability which can limit its effectiveness in diverse environmental conditions, and a tendency to lose adsorption capacity rapidly in the presence of competing ions or organic matters. This review aims to explore the burgeoning field of nanomaterial-modified biochar, which seeks to overcome the limitations of pristine biochar. By incorporating nanomaterials, the adsorptive and reactive properties of biochar can be significantly enhanced. Such modifications, especially biochar supported with metal nanoparticles (biochar-MNPs), have shown promise in various applications, including the removal of heavy metals, organic contaminants, and other inorganic pollutants from aqueous environments, soil, and air. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis techniques, characterization methods, and applications of biochar-MNPs, as well as discusses their underlying mechanisms for contaminant removal. It also offers insights into the advantages and challenges of using nanomaterial-modified biochar for environmental remediation and suggests directions for future research.
环境污染，尤其是来自重金属和有毒元素的污染，对人类健康和生态系统都构成了重大威胁。虽然存在各种修复技术，但迫切需要具有成本效益且可持续的解决方案。生物炭是一种通过有机物热解产生的富含碳的产物，已成为一种有前景的环境修复材料。然而，其原始形式存在局限性，例如吸附容量低、pH适应范围相对较窄，这可能会限制其在不同环境条件下的有效性，以及在存在竞争离子或有机物时吸附容量迅速丧失的趋势。本综述旨在探索纳米材料改性生物炭这一新兴领域，该领域旨在克服原始生物炭的局限性。通过掺入纳米材料，可以显著提高生物炭的吸附和反应性能。这种改性，特别是负载金属纳米颗粒的生物炭（生物炭-金属纳米颗粒），在各种应用中都显示出了潜力，包括从水环境、土壤和空气中去除重金属、有机污染物和其他无机污染物。本综述全面概述了生物炭-金属纳米颗粒的合成技术、表征方法和应用，并讨论了其去除污染物的潜在机制。它还深入探讨了使用纳米材料改性生物炭进行环境修复的优势和挑战，并提出了未来研究的方向。
