Yan Zhizhi, Yang Shuhan, Chen Lei, Zou Yu, Zhao Yupeng, Yan Guang, Wang He, Wu Yining
College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Sep 9;15:1441613. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1441613. eCollection 2024.
Wetlands are ecosystems that have a significant impact on ecological services and are essential for the environment. With the impacts of rapid population growth, wetland reclamation, urbanization, and land use change, wetlands have undergo severe degradation or loss. However, the response of soil fungal communities to wetland degradation remains unknown. It is crucial to comprehend how the diversity and population dynamics of soil fungi respond to varying levels of degradation and ecological progression in the wetlands of the Songnen Plain.
In this study, high- throughput sequencing technology to analyze the variety and abundance of soil fungi in the undegraded (UD), light degraded (LD), moderate degraded (MD), and severe degraded (SD) conditions in the Halahai Nature Reserve of Songnen Plain. This study also explored how these fungi are related to the soil's physicochemical properties in wetlands at various degradation levels.
The findings indicated that Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were the primary phyla in the Songnen Plain, with Ascomycota increasing and Basidiomycota decreasing as wetland degradation progressed. Significant differences were observed in soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN),and soil total potassium (TK) among the succession degradation stages. With the deterioration of the wetland, there was a pattern of the Shannon and Chao1 indices increasing and then decreasing. Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that the fungal community structures of UD and LD were quite similar, whereas MD and SD exhibited more distinct differences in their fungal community compositions. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results indicated that Soil Water content (SWC) and total nitrogen (TN) were the primary environmental factors influencing the dominant fungal phylum. According to the FUNGuild prediction, Ectomycorrhizal and plant pathogens gradually declining with wetland degradation.
In general, our findings can offer theoretical support develop effective solutions for the preservation and rehabilitation of damaged wetlands.
湿地是对生态系统服务有重大影响且对环境至关重要的生态系统。随着人口快速增长、湿地开垦、城市化以及土地利用变化的影响，湿地已遭受严重退化或丧失。然而，土壤真菌群落对湿地退化的响应仍不明确。了解松嫩平原湿地土壤真菌的多样性和种群动态如何响应不同程度的退化及生态演替至关重要。
本研究采用高通量测序技术分析松嫩平原哈拉海自然保护区未退化（UD）、轻度退化（LD）、中度退化（MD）和重度退化（SD）条件下土壤真菌的种类和丰度。本研究还探讨了这些真菌与不同退化水平湿地土壤理化性质之间的关系。
研究结果表明，担子菌门和子囊菌门是松嫩平原的主要菌门，随着湿地退化的进展，子囊菌门增加而担子菌门减少。在连续退化阶段，土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）和土壤全钾（TK）存在显著差异。随着湿地的恶化，香农指数和Chao1指数呈现先增加后降低的趋势。非度量多维尺度分析（NMDS）表明，UD和LD的真菌群落结构非常相似，而MD和SD在真菌群落组成上表现出更明显的差异。冗余分析（RDA）结果表明，土壤含水量（SWC）和全氮（TN）是影响优势真菌门的主要环境因素。根据FUNGuild预测，外生菌根和植物病原菌随着湿地退化逐渐减少。
总体而言，我们的研究结果可为受损湿地的保护和恢复制定有效解决方案提供理论支持。
