Awuah Wireko Andrew, Ben-Jaafar Adam, Karkhanis Simran, Nkrumah-Boateng Princess Afia, Kong Jonathan Sing Huk, Mannan Krishitha Meenu, Shet Vallabh, Imran Shahzeb, Bone Matan, Boye Allswell Naa Adjeley, Ranganathan Sruthi, Shah Muhammad Hamza, Abdul-Rahman Toufik, Atallah Oday
Faculty of Medicine, Sumy State University, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine.
School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Clin Transl Oncol. 2025 Apr;27(4):1438-1459. doi: 10.1007/s12094-024-03728-6. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
Meningiomas (MGs), which arise from meningothelial cells of the dura mater, represent a significant proportion of primary tumours of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite advances in treatment, the management of malignant meningioma (MMG) remains challenging due to diagnostic, surgical, and resection limitations. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation within tumours capable of self-renewal and differentiation, are highlighted as key markers of tumour growth, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Identifying additional CSC-related markers enhances the precision of malignancy evaluations, enabling advancements in personalised medicine. The review discusses key CSC biomarkers that are associated with high levels of expression, aggressive tumour behaviour, and poor outcomes. Recent molecular research has identified CSC-related biomarkers, including Oct-4, Sox2, NANOG, and CD133, which help maintain cellular renewal, proliferation, and drug resistance in MGs. This study highlights new therapeutic strategies that could improve patient prognosis with more durable tumour regression. The use of combination therapies, such as hydroxyurea alongside diltiazem, suggests more efficient and effective MG management compared to monotherapy. Signalling pathways such as NOTCH and hedgehog also offer additional avenues for therapeutic development. CRISPR/Cas9 technology has also been employed to create meningioma models, uncovering pathways related to cell growth and proliferation. Since the efficacy of traditional therapies is limited in most cases due to resistance mechanisms in CSCs, further studies on the biology of CSCs are warranted to develop therapeutic interventions that are likely to be effective in MG. Consequently, improved diagnostic approaches may lead to personalised treatment plans tailored to the specific needs of each patient.
脑膜瘤（MGs）起源于硬脑膜的脑膜内皮细胞，在中枢神经系统（CNS）原发性肿瘤中占相当大的比例。尽管治疗取得了进展，但由于诊断、手术和切除方面的限制，恶性脑膜瘤（MMG）的管理仍然具有挑战性。癌症干细胞（CSCs）是肿瘤内能够自我更新和分化的亚群，被视为肿瘤生长、转移和治疗耐药性的关键标志物。识别更多与CSC相关的标志物可提高恶性评估的准确性，推动个性化医学的发展。本文综述了与高表达水平、侵袭性肿瘤行为和不良预后相关的关键CSC生物标志物。最近的分子研究已经确定了与CSC相关的生物标志物，包括Oct-4、Sox2、NANOG和CD133，它们有助于维持MGs中的细胞更新、增殖和耐药性。本研究强调了新的治疗策略，这些策略可以通过更持久的肿瘤消退来改善患者预后。联合治疗的使用，如羟基脲与地尔硫䓬联合使用，与单一疗法相比，提示MG管理更有效。NOTCH和刺猬信号通路等信号通路也为治疗开发提供了额外途径。CRISPR/Cas9技术也已被用于创建脑膜瘤模型，揭示与细胞生长和增殖相关的途径。由于在大多数情况下，传统疗法的疗效因CSCs中的耐药机制而受到限制，因此有必要进一步研究CSCs的生物学特性，以开发可能对MG有效的治疗干预措施。因此，改进的诊断方法可能会导致根据每个患者的特定需求制定个性化治疗方案。
