Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2024 Nov 1;327(5):L796-L806. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00078.2024. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
There is increasing evidence that thirdhand exposure to e-cigarette vapor (e-vapor) can have detrimental effects on the lungs. However, whether maternal exposure during pregnancy results in harmful changes to the offspring is unknown. Using two different e-cigarette settings (low vs. high power), BALB/c mice were subjected to thirdhand e-vapor (e-vapor deposited onto towels, towels changed daily) in the absence or presence of nicotine, before, during, and after pregnancy. Male adult offspring were then infected with mouse-adapted influenza A virus (A/PR/8/34 H1N1; Flu) and lung and bone marrow immune cell responses were assessed 7 days postinfection. Maternal thirdhand exposure to low-power (LP) or high-power (HP) e-vapor with nicotine (LP + NIC and HP + NIC, respectively) increased the percentage of lung immune cells and neutrophils in the bone marrow. Interestingly, Flu-infected offspring from LP + NIC and HP + NIC groups had lower percentages of lung alveolar macrophages and more pronounced increases in neutrophils in the bone marrow, when compared with offspring from Sham Flu controls. Flu infection also decreased the percentage of lung CD4+ T cells and increased the percentage of lung CD8+ T cells, irrespective of maternal exposure (LP -/+ NIC and HP -/+ NIC). Significantly, both LP + NIC and HP + NIC resulted in blunted activation of lung CD4+ T cells, but only LP + NIC caused blunted activation of lung CD8+ T cells. Together, we show for the first time that maternal thirdhand exposure to e-vapor results in significant, long-lived effects on lung and bone marrow immune cell responses in offspring at baseline and response to Flu infection. Maternal exposure to environmental residues of e-cigarette use has significant effects on immune cell responses in the lungs and bone marrow of offspring at both baseline and in response to influenza A virus (Flu) infection.
越来越多的证据表明，三手电子烟蒸气（e-vapor）暴露会对肺部造成有害影响。然而，怀孕期间母体暴露是否会导致后代产生有害变化尚不清楚。使用两种不同的电子烟设置（低功率与高功率），在怀孕前、怀孕中和怀孕后，将 BALB/c 小鼠暴露于三手电子烟蒸气（e-vapor 沉积在毛巾上，每日更换毛巾）中，同时存在或不存在尼古丁。然后，雄性成年后代感染了适应小鼠的流感 A 病毒（A/PR/8/34 H1N1；流感），并评估了感染后 7 天肺部和骨髓免疫细胞的反应。母体三手暴露于低功率（LP）或高功率（HP）电子烟蒸气（分别为 LP+NIC 和 HP+NIC）会增加骨髓中肺部免疫细胞和中性粒细胞的百分比。有趣的是，与假流感对照相比，来自 LP+NIC 和 HP+NIC 组的感染流感的后代，其肺部肺泡巨噬细胞的百分比较低，骨髓中的中性粒细胞增加更为明显。无论母体是否暴露（LP-/+NIC 和 HP-/+NIC），流感感染也会降低肺部 CD4+T 细胞的百分比，并增加肺部 CD8+T 细胞的百分比。重要的是，LP+NIC 和 HP+NIC 均导致肺部 CD4+T 细胞的激活受到抑制，但只有 LP+NIC 导致肺部 CD8+T 细胞的激活受到抑制。总之，我们首次表明，母体三手电子烟蒸气暴露会导致后代肺部和骨髓免疫细胞反应在基线和对流感 A 病毒（流感）感染的反应中产生显著的、长期的影响。母体对电子烟使用环境残留的暴露对后代肺部和骨髓免疫细胞的反应在基线和对流感 A 病毒（流感）感染的反应中都有显著影响。
