Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Respiratory Cellular and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019 Sep;1452(1):65-77. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14174. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a significant risk factor of renal pathology in the offspring. E-cigarettes are perceived to be a safe option and are increasingly used by pregnant women either continuously during pregnancy or as a replacement for tobacco cigarettes. This study aimed to determine the effects of replacing tobacco cigarettes with e-cigarettes during pregnancy, and continuous e-cigarette use during pregnancy on the offspring's kidneys. Female Balb/c mice were exposed to either air (sham) or tobacco cigarette smoke (SE) for 6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. A subset of the "SE group" received e-cigarette vapor (containing nicotine) after mating until pups weaned. Additional female mice were continuously exposed to e-vapor (either with or without nicotine) for 6 weeks prior to mating until pups weaned. Kidneys and urine from the male offspring were assessed at postnatal day 1, day 20 (weaning), and 13 weeks of age (adulthood). E-cigarette replacement was less detrimental to renal development and albuminuria than continuous SE during pregnancy. However, continuous e-vapor exposure during pregnancy increased markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the adult offspring, independent of nicotine. E-cigarette use during pregnancy confers future risk to the offspring's kidneys.
孕期母亲吸烟是后代肾脏病变的一个重要危险因素。电子烟被认为是一种安全的选择，越来越多的孕妇在怀孕期间持续使用电子烟，或者用电子烟替代传统香烟。本研究旨在确定在怀孕期间用电子烟替代传统香烟，以及在怀孕期间持续使用电子烟对后代肾脏的影响。雌性 Balb/c 小鼠在交配前、妊娠期和哺乳期分别暴露于空气（假手术）或香烟烟雾（SE）中 6 周。“SE 组”中的一部分小鼠在交配后开始吸入含有尼古丁的电子烟蒸气，直到幼鼠断奶。另一组雌性小鼠在交配前持续暴露于电子烟蒸气（含或不含尼古丁）6 周，直到幼鼠断奶。雄性后代的肾脏和尿液在出生后第 1、20 天（断奶）和 13 周龄（成年）进行评估。与怀孕期间持续暴露于 SE 相比，电子烟替代对肾脏发育和蛋白尿的危害较小。然而，怀孕期间持续暴露于电子烟蒸气会增加成年后代的氧化应激、炎症和纤维化标志物，而与尼古丁无关。怀孕期间使用电子烟会给后代的肾脏带来未来的风险。
