Dominiak Ł
Department of Social Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Fosa Staromiejska 1a, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
J Bioeth Inq. 2025 Jun;22(2):265-277. doi: 10.1007/s11673-024-10374-8. Epub 2024 Sep 24.
The present paper argues that abortion ban advocates can justify an exception for rape. Recently, Blackshaw offered an interesting argument that if abortion ban advocates modified their position along the lines of Thomson's analysis of rights, they could make an exception for rape. However, doing so would require making concessions they would be unlikely to make, the crucial one being subscribing to an absurd view that abortion in the case of rape is permissible but only if it is performed in a certain way, that is, in a way that withdraws life support from the fetus. Agreeing first with Blackshaw's premises, we argue that the view in question is hardly absurd. Thus, relying on Boonin's acknowledgment that although very rare, a position according to which abortion should be legal but only if it is performed in a way that lets the fetus die rather than kills it is a possible position, we argue, first, that it is Blackshaw's position that is inconsistent, second, that since deontology sees permissibility of a given result as path-dependent, deontologically oriented abortion ban advocates should find the view in question appealing rather than absurd and, third, that although there are indeed scenarios in which withdrawing life support is morally equivalent to killing, extraction abortions in the case of rape are not amongst them. Since in the case of rape the fetus is not entitled to life support, extraction abortions are better classified as permissible non-omissive allowings than impermissible killings. Thus, there is nothing absurd in the view that abortion in the case of rape is permissible but only if it is performed in a certain way. Accordingly, adopting this view does not seem to be much of a concession for abortion ban advocates who can therefore make an exception for rape.
本文认为,主张禁止堕胎的人可以为强奸情形下的堕胎例外情况提供正当理由。最近,布莱克肖提出了一个有趣的观点,即如果主张禁止堕胎的人按照汤姆森对权利的分析来修正他们的立场,他们可以为强奸情形下的堕胎设定例外。然而,这样做需要做出他们不太可能做出的让步,其中关键的一点是认同一种荒谬的观点,即强奸情形下的堕胎是允许的,但前提是必须以某种特定方式进行,也就是说,以从胎儿身上撤除生命维持的方式进行。我们首先认同布莱克肖的前提,然后论证上述观点并非荒谬。因此,基于布宁的承认,即虽然非常罕见,但有一种观点认为堕胎应该合法,但前提是必须以让胎儿死亡而非杀死胎儿的方式进行,这是一种可能的立场。我们认为,第一,是布莱克肖的立场不一致;第二,由于道义论认为给定结果的可允许性取决于行为路径,从道义论角度出发主张禁止堕胎的人应该觉得上述观点有吸引力而非荒谬;第三,虽然确实存在一些情形,在其中撤除生命维持在道德上等同于杀人,但强奸情形下的取出式堕胎并不在此列。因为在强奸情形下,胎儿无权获得生命维持,取出式堕胎更好地归类为可允许的非不作为的允许行为,而非不允许的杀人行为。因此,认为强奸情形下的堕胎是允许的,但前提是必须以某种特定方式进行,这种观点并非荒谬。相应地,对于主张禁止堕胎的人来说,采纳这种观点似乎算不上太大的让步,因此他们可以为强奸情形下的堕胎设定例外。